PI3K Inhibition Reduces Mammary Tumor Growth and Facilitates Antitumor Immunity and Anti-PD1 Responses.

Metastatic breast cancers continue to elude current therapeutic strategies, including those utilizing PI3K inhibitors. Given the prominent role of PI3Kα,β in tumor growth and PI3Kγ,δ in immune cell function, we sought to determine whether PI3K inhibition altered antitumor immunity. The effect of PI3K inhibition on tumor growth, metastasis, and antitumor immune response was characterized in mouse models utilizing orthotopic implants of 4T1 or PyMT mammary tumors into syngeneic or -null mice, and patient-derived breast cancer xenografts in humanized mice.

Concomitant pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigoid gestationis: a case report and review of the literature.

Pemphigus and pemphigoid are two unique acquired immunobullous diseases with distinct clinical presentations, histological findings, and characteristic serology; they are rarely reported to coexist in the same patient. Herein we present a 29-year-old woman with a history of pemphigus vulgaris, diagnosed by histology and positive desmoglein-3 antibodies on ELISA. She presented to our clinic shortly after the delivery of her first child with tense vesicles and bullae on an erythematous base on her abdomen.

Hidradenoma papilliferum associated with pregnancy: a case report.

We present the case of a 33-year-old female who developed a cystic nodule on the vulva during pregnancy. Immediately following Cesarean section, the lesion was biopsied and histologic examination revealed a dermal tumor composed of glandular structures arranged in a labyrinth pattern. The glandular structures displayed cytoplasmic vacuolization, large atypical nuclei, prominent nucleoli and scattered eosinophilic luminal secretions.

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor: a clinicopathologic analysis of 26 subcutaneous tumors with emphasis on differential diagnosis and prognostic factors.

Introduction: Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is rare and may present diagnostic difficulty. We describe 26 subcutaneous examples of OFMT emphasizing differential diagnosis and prognostic features.

Methods: Histopathology and follow-up data from archival/consultation cases were reviewed.

Mdm2 and aurora kinase a inhibitors synergize to block melanoma growth by driving apoptosis and immune clearance of tumor cells.

Therapeutics that induce cancer cell senescence can block cell proliferation and promote immune rejection. However, the risk of tumor relapse due to senescence escape may remain high due to the long lifespan of senescent cells that are not cleared. Here, we show how combining a senescence-inducing inhibitor of the mitotic kinase Aurora A (AURKA) with an MDM2 antagonist activates p53 in senescent tumors harboring wild-type 53.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma and granular cell tumor: an immunohistochemical comparison study.

Although the histologic features of alveolar soft part sarcoma and granular cell tumor are typically distinctive, occasional cases show a significant morphologic overlap. Differentiating these entities is crucial because granular cell tumor is almost always benign and alveolar soft part sarcoma is invariably malignant. We evaluated a panel of immunohistochemical stains (S-100 protein, inhibin, SOX10, nestin, calretinin, and TFE3) in 13 alveolar soft part sarcomas and 11 granular cell tumors.

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy: a clinicopathologic analysis of 60 cases.

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy is a benign soft tissue tumor with a characteristic triphasic organoid histologic appearance. It typically occurs within the first 2 years of life. The usual anatomic locations include the upper extremities, axilla, and upper back.

Infectious Colitis Associated With Ipilimumab Therapy.

Ipilimumab is a monoclonal antibody against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 and is thought to promote anti-tumor activity by enhancing cell mediated immunity. It is one of the few therapies shown to improve overall survival in metastatic melanoma. Given its mechanism of action, the drug is associated with significant immune-related adverse events with the gastrointestinal system being commonly involved.

Localized cutaneous argyria: two case reports and clinicopathologic review.

We report 2 cases of patients who presented with blue macules clinically suspicious for blue nevi. One patient had no documented history of trauma or silver exposure, and the other reported exposure to silver over 30 years ago. Microscopic examination revealed a dermal population of brown-black globules predominantly adhering to collagen fibers.

Predicting dedifferentiation in liposarcoma: a proteomic approach.

There are no known morphologic characteristics, cytogenetic aberrations, or molecular alterations predictive of dedifferentiation in liposarcomas. Identification of such a prognostic marker could potentially affect surgical and adjuvant therapy and/or follow-up surveillance for these patients. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis was utilized to characterize protein expression patterns in lipoma, atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT), and the well-differentiated components of dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL).

Passage-dependent cancerous transformation of human mesenchymal stem cells under carcinogenic hypoxia.

Bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) either promote or inhibit cancer progression, depending on factors that heretofore have been undefined. Here we have utilized extreme hypoxia (0.5% O2) and concurrent treatment with metal carcinogen (nickel) to evaluate the passage-dependent response of hMSCs toward cancerous transformation.

Mycosis fungoides involving an acrochordon: a case report.

We present the case of a 77-year-old male undergoing treatment for mycosis fungoides (MF) who presented for removal of an acrochordon on his mid back. Histopathologic examination of the acrochordon revealed a dense, band-like lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis with epidermotropism of single lymphocytes and small nests of lymphocytes into the lower epidermis. Immunohistochemical staining characterized the dermal and epidermal lymphocytic population as CD3-positive T lymphocytes with a predominance of CD4-positive over CD8-positive lymphocytes.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis: role of parvovirus B-19, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, and human herpesvirus 8.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis is a self-limited disorder that typically presents in young females as painless cervical lymphadenopathy with fever, anemia, and leukopenia. The clinical manifestations and pathologic findings suggest a viral etiology, yet specific etiologic agents remain unknown. Although there are studies reporting positive associations between Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis and parvovirus B19 and herpesviruses, other studies have failed to find an association with these viruses.

Blood ordering from the operating room: turnaround time as a quality indicator.

Background: Quality indicators in transfusion medicine are necessary for patient safety and customer satisfaction. The turnaround time (TAT) of issuing red blood cells (RBCs) has emerged as a quality indicator but is not an established benchmark. We examined the TAT for issuing RBCs from the blood bank to the operating rooms (ORs) at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) and Stanford University Medical Center (SUMC).

Heterogeneity of publicly accessible online critical values for therapeutic drugs.

Introduction: Critical values are reported to clinicians when laboratory values are life threatening and require immediate attention. To date no definitive critical value limit recommendations have been produced regarding therapeutic drug monitoring. Some laboratories choose to publish critical value lists online.

Coccidioides, cryptococcus, or blastomyces? A diagnostic dilemma encountered during frozen section evaluation.

Intraoperative consultation via frozen section is an important part of modern day surgical pathology. Recognizing fungi in tissues on frozen and permanent sections is not always a simple task, and correctly identifying the agent can be a significant challenge, even for experienced microscopists. We present a case of a 17-year-old boy with chronic osteomyelitis involving the right proximal ulna.

Effect of Albizia julibrissin water extracts on low-density lipoprotein oxidization.

High-value phytochemicals could be extracted from biomass prior to the current cellulosic pretreatment technologies (i.e., lime, ammonia, dilute acid, or pressurized hot water treatments) provided that the extraction is performed with a solvent that is compatible with the pretreatment.