Decontamination of Mycotoxin-Contaminated Feedstuffs and Compound Feed.

Mycotoxins are known worldwide as fungus-produced toxins that adulterate a wide heterogeneity of raw feed ingredients and final products. Consumption of mycotoxins-contaminated feed causes a plethora of harmful responses from acute toxicity to many persistent health disorders with lethal outcomes; such as mycotoxicosis when ingested by animals. Therefore, the main task for feed producers is to minimize the concentration of mycotoxin by applying different strategies aimed at minimizing the risk of mycotoxin effects on animals and human health.

Anti-biofilm activities of essential oils rich in carvacrol and thymol against Enteritidis.

The aim of the present study was to determine the bioactive compounds in four essential oils (EO's) from , , and and to assess their antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against Enteritidis. Strains were previously characterized depending on the expression of the extracellular matrix components cellulose and curli fimbriae as rdar (red, dry and rough) and bdar morphotype (brown, dry and rough). This study revealed that the EO's and EOC's (carvacrol and thymol) investigated showed inhibition of biofilm formation at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration.

A New Concept to Secure Food Safety Standards against Fusarium Species and Aspergillus Flavus and Their Toxins in Maize.

Commercial maize hybrids are exposed to different degrees of ear infection by toxigenic fungal species and toxin contamination. Their resistance to different fungi and toxin relationships are largely unknown. Without this knowledge, screening and breeding are not possible for these pathogens.

Influence of apple pomace inclusion on the process of animal feed pelleting.

Apple pomace (AP) is the main by-product of apple juice production. Large amounts of this material disposed into landfills can cause serious environmental problems. One of the solutions is to utilise AP as animal feed.

Possibility of Alternaria toxins reduction by extrusion processing of whole wheat flour.

This study represents the first report about possibility of reduction of Alternaria toxins in wheat using the extrusion process. Effects of extrusion processing parameters - moisture content (w=16, 20, 24g/100g), feeding rate (q=15, 20, 25kg/h), and screw speed (v=300, 390, 480rpm), on reduction rate of tenuazonic acid (TeA), alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), in whole wheat flour were investigated. Temperature ranged between 111.

Possibilities for preservation of coarse particles in pelleting process to improve feed quality characteristics.

Poultry diets are mainly used in pelleted form because pellets have many advantages compared to mash feed. On the other hand, pelleting causes reduction of feed particle size. The aim of this research was to investigate the possibility of increasing the content of coarse particles in pellets, and, at the same time, to produce pellets with satisfactory quality.

[Cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall in ectopic pancreas].

Introduction: Cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall is a rare complication of the ectopic pancreas that is characterized by cyst/s formation within thickened duodenal wall.

Case Outline: A 61-year-old male with recurrent abdominal pain, weight loss (about 25 kg) who had been moderate alcohol abuser and heavy smoker was presented. On ultrasonography, very thickened duodenal wall (2.

Giant biliary mucinous cystadenoma of the liver.

Biliary mucinous cystadenomas (BMC) of the liver are rare benign cystic tumors, however an estimated 20% undergo malignant transformation. They have recently been redefined as mucinous cystic neoplasms in the 2010 WHO classification. The preferred treatment is through radical resection, as there are high recurrence rates with other treatment modalities; however this is often not possible in patients with bilobar or giant cysts, and liver transplantation may be indicated.

[Solid solitary hamartoma of the spleen].

Introduction: Hamartoma of the spleen is a rare, sometimes asymptomatic similar to hemangioma benign tumor of the spleen, which, owing to the new diagnostic imaging methods, is discovered with increasing frequency. It appears as solitary or multiple tumorous lesions.

Case Outline: We present a 48-year-old woman in whom, during the investigation for Helicobacter pylori gastric infection and rectal bleeding, with ultrasonography, a mass 6.

[Mucinous cystadenomas of the liver].

Introduction: Biliary cystadenomas of the liver are rare benign tumors prone to malignant alteration so that a total excision is recommended.

Objective: The aim of the paper is to present our experience in treatment and to evaluate whether a simple ablation represents the appropriate treatment.

Methods: Over a 10-year period 25 patients (24 women) of the average age of 58 years suffering from cystadenomas of the liver, 18 in the right, 4 in the left and 3 in both lobes of the liver were operated.

Malignant stromal tumor of the stomach with giant cystic liver metastases prior to treatment with imatinib mesylate.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare and account for 0.1%-3% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. GISTs are most commonly located in the stomach (60%) and 20%-25% are malignant, with metastases involving the peritoneum or the liver.

[Biliobronchial fistula secondary to percutaneous dilatation of the benign biliary stricture].

Introduction: Biliobronchial fistula is rare. Very rarely it may be congenital, more frequently it is acquired as a complication of the hydatide cyst of the liver, pyogenic abscess, serious trauma and resection of the liver as well as recurrent cholangitis due to benign bile duct stricture or cholangiolithiasis. The main causes of the biliobronchial fistula are billiary obstruction and infectious lesion (abscess) in the liver.

[Pendular stromal tumour of the stomach with dominant PDGFRA immunoexpression: case report and short literature review].

Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumours are most frequent mesenchimal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract that originate from Cajal's interstitial cells that are most frequently CD-117 positive. Stromal tumours of the stomach are the most frequent mesenchimal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. Such tumours are usually sessile, but rarely pendular when they can be easily removed with a limited local excision of the stomach wall around the pedicle.

[Intraabdominal abscesses of unknown etiology].

Introduction: Intraabdominal abscesses are in 98-99% cases the result of secondary and only in 1-2% of primary peritonitis. They are easy and successfully diagnosed. Abdominal abscesses of unknown cause are extremely rare.

[Pancreatic tail pseudocyst of type II treated with resection of the tail of the pancreas and splenectomy].

Introduction: Pancreatic pseudocysts of type II are postnecrotic cysts that appear during an acute-on-chronic pancreatitis. In case that surgical treatment is necessary, as a rule it is performed using internal drainage operations. Pancreatic resections are rarely indicated.

[Well differentiated endocrine carcinomas of the pancreas].

Introduction: For the difference from poorly differentiated, well differentiated endocrine carcinomas of the pancreas are the tumours in whom with aggressive surgery and chemotherapy fair results can be achieved.

Objective: The aim of the study was to point out the importance of such treatment.

Methods: Over a 6-year period eight patients (seven female and one male) of average age 51 years (ranging from 23 to 71 years) were operated on for well differentiated endocrine carcinoma: six of the head and two of the tail of the pancreas.

[Giant haemorrhagic (pseudo)cyst of the pancreas of unknown aetiology].

Introduction: Cystic lesions of the pancreas are frequent. Most frequently their aetiology can be easily established. It is very rare that the nature and aetiology of these lesions cannot be reliably established.

[Symptomatic calcified splenic artery aneurysm: case report].

Introduction: Although the third most common aneurysm within the abdomen, after aneurysms of the aorta and iliac arteries, splenic artery aneurysms are rare, but not exceptionally. Owing to new imaging techniques, they have been discovered with increasing frequency.

Case Outline: Authors present a 47-year-old woman, multipara, who presented with left upper abdominal pain in whom X-ray showed a calcified ring in the area of distal pancreas.

[Choledochoduodenal fistula of ulcer etiology].

Introduction: Choledochoduodenal fistulas are very rare and in most cases are caused by a long-lasting and poorly treated chronic duodenal ulcer. They may be asymptomatic or followed by symptoms of ulcer disease, by attacks of cholangitis or bleeding or vomiting in cases of ductoduodenal stenosis. The diagnosis is simple and safe, however treatment is still controversial.

[Glucagonoma without glucagonoma syndrome].

Introduction: Glucagonomas are rare, frequently malignant tumours, arising from the Langerhans' islets of the pancreas. They usually secrete large amounts of glucagon that can cause a characteristic "glucagonoma syndrome", which includes necrolytic migratory erythema, glucose intolerance or diabetes, weight loss and sometimes, normochromic normocytic anaemia, stomatitis or cheilitis, diarrhoea or other digestive symptoms, thoromboembolism, hepatosplenomegaly, depression or other psychiatric and paraneoplastic symptoms. In certain cases, some or all glucagonoma symptoms may appear late, or even may be completely absent.

[Cholangiocellular carcinoma of the common hepatic duct causing obstructive jaundice in a patient with metastatic colonic carcinoma within liver].

Introduction: Colorectal carcinoma, one of the most frequent carcinomas, produces liver metastasis very frequently. Surprisingly, those secondaries rarely cause obstructive jaundice. If it appears, it is usually caused by compression or infiltration of the major bile ducts close to the hepatic hilus, less frequently with bile duct obstruction by gelatinous mucus produced by the timour, much rarer by the tumour growth within the, otherwise intact, common bile duct and very rarely by metastasis into the biliary tree.

Two synchronous somatostatinomas of the duodenum and pancreatic head in one patient.

Somatostatinomas are extremely rare neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, first described in the pancreas in 1977 and in the duodenum in 1979. They may be functional and cause somatostatinoma or inhibitory syndrome, but more frequently are non-functioning pancreatic endocrine tumors that produce somatostatin alone. They are usually single, malignant, large lesions, frequently associated with metastases, and generally with poor prognosis.

[Actinomycosis of the caecum simulating carcinoma in a patient with a long-term intrauterine device].

Introduction: Actinomycosis of the caecum is a rare, but most frequently an abdominally localized disease. It often simulates inflammatory malignancy, rarely a periappendicular abscess or Chron's disease and is only exceptionally the cause of intestinal obstruction or bleeding.

Case Outline: The authors present a 35-year-old woman with an intrauterine device which remained inserted for over three years, causing the development of pain, fever, vaginal secretion and bleeding that continued even after the device was removed.