Comparing efficacy and safety of in-house gemcitabine to mitomycin for bladder instillation in intermediate-risk NMIBC.

Introduction: Intermediate-risk (IR) Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) is associated with a high rate of tumor recurrence. To improve patient outcomes, it is recommended to use adjuvant intravesical therapy, by mitomycin C (MMC) or Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG). Gemcitabine (GMC) is a known molecule used in urothelial cancer.

Renal and major clinical outcomes and their determinants after nephrectomy in patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease: A retrospective cohort study.

The consequences of partial nephrectomy (PN) compared to radical nephrectomy (RN) are less documented in patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) or with solitary kidney (SK). We assessed renal outcomes, and their determinants, after PN or RN in a retrospective cohort of patients with moderate-to-severe CKD (RN-CKD and PN-CKD) or SK (PN-SK). All surgical procedures conducted between 2013 and 2018 in our institution in patients with pre-operative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60 mL/min/1.

Performance of a Region of Interest-based Algorithm in Diagnosing International Society of Urological Pathology Grade Group ≥2 Prostate Cancer on the MRI-FIRST Database-CAD-FIRST Study.

Background And Objective: Prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows high sensitivity for International Society of Urological Pathology grade group (GG) ≥2 cancers. Many artificial intelligence algorithms have shown promising results in diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer on MRI. To assess a region-of-interest-based machine-learning algorithm aimed at characterising GG ≥2 prostate cancer on multiparametric MRI.

Zone-specific computer-aided diagnosis system aimed at characterizing ISUP ≥ 2 prostate cancers on multiparametric magnetic resonance images: evaluation in a cohort of patients on active surveillance.

Purpose: To assess a region-of-interest-based computer-assisted diagnosis system (CAD) in characterizing aggressive prostate cancer on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from patients under active surveillance (AS).

Methods: A prospective biopsy database was retrospectively searched for patients under AS who underwent MRI and subsequent biopsy at our institution. MRI lesions targeted at baseline biopsy were retrospectively delineated to calculate the CAD score that was compared to the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2 score assigned at baseline biopsy.

Quality of Life in Patients with High-grade Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Undergoing Standard Versus Reduced Frequency of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Instillations: The EAU-RF NIMBUS Trial.

Background: Adverse events induced by intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to treat high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) often lead to treatment discontinuation. The EAU-RF NIMBUS trial found a reduced number of standard-dose BCG instillations to be inferior with the standard regimen. Nonetheless, it remains important to evaluate whether patients in the reduced BCG treatment arm had better quality of life (QoL) due to a possible reduction in toxicity or burden.

Artificial intelligence to improve cytology performance in urothelial carcinoma diagnosis: results from validation phase of the French, multicenter, prospective VISIOCYT1 trial.

Purpose: Cytology and cystoscopy, the current gold standard for diagnosing urothelial carcinomas, have limits: cytology has high interobserver variability with moderate or not optimal sensitivity (particularly for low-grade tumors); while cystoscopy is expensive, invasive, and operator dependent. The VISIOCYT1 study assessed the benefit of VisioCyt for diagnosing urothelial carcinoma.

Methods: VISIOCYT1 was a French prospective clinical trial conducted in 14 centers.

Characterization of high-grade prostate cancer at multiparametric MRI using a radiomic-based computer-aided diagnosis system as standalone and second reader.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and test across various scanners a zone-specific region-of-interest (ROI)-based computer-aided diagnosis system (CAD) aimed at characterizing, on MRI, International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade≥2 prostate cancers.

Materials And Methods: ROI-based quantitative models were selected in multi-vendor training (265 pre-prostatectomy MRIs) and pre-test (112 pre-biopsy MRIs) datasets. The best peripheral and transition zone models were combined and retrospectively assessed in internal (158 pre-biopsy MRIs) and external (104 pre-biopsy MRIs) test datasets.

The Effect of Preconditioning Temperature on Gas Permeability of Alkali-Activated Concretes.

Alkali-activated materials (AAM) are binders that are considered an eco-friendly alternative to conventional binders based on Portland cement. The utilization of industrial wastes such as fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) instead of cement enables a reduction of the CO emissions caused by clinker production. Although researchers are highly interested in the use of alkali-activated concrete (AAC) in construction, its application remains very restricted.

TL-532, a novel specific Toll-like receptor 3 agonist rationally designed for targeting cancers: discovery process and biological characterization.

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an innate immune receptor that recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and induces inflammation in immune and normal cells to initiate anti-microbial responses. TLR3 acts also as a death receptor only in cancer cells but not in their normal counterparts, making it an attractive target for cancer therapies. To date, all of the TLR3-activating dsRNAs used at preclinical or clinical stages have major drawbacks such as structural heterogeneity, toxicity, and lack of specificity and/or efficacy.

Characterization of high-grade prostate cancer at multiparametric MRI: assessment of PI-RADS version 2.1 and version 2 descriptors across 21 readers with varying experience (MULTI study).

Objective: To assess PI-RADSv2.1 and PI-RADSv2 descriptors across readers with varying experience.

Methods: Twenty-one radiologists (7 experienced (≥ 5 years) seniors, 7 less experienced seniors and 7 juniors) assessed 240 'predefined' lesions from 159 pre-biopsy multiparametric prostate MRIs.

Prostatic arterial embolization versus holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: 1-year outcomes.

Purpose: Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP) and Prostatic Artery Embolization (PAE) are novel techniques for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH-LUTS). The objective of this study was to describe and compare the functional results and complications of these two techniques at one year follow-up.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective, monocentric study of all patients consecutively treated in our center with HoLEP or PAE for symptomatic or complicated BPH between January 2016 and December 2019.

ThinPrep® imaging system-assisted vs manual screening of urinary cytology slides in the detection of the "suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma" category.

Background: The ThinPrep® Imaging System (TIS) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved review system for cervical cytopathology, where it has been shown to increase performance over manually reviewed slides. Application of the TIS to urinary cytology has only been reported in a single study, in 2013.

Methods: We aimed to compare the agreement of two cytotechnologists' and a pathologist's manual screening (dots) with the fields of view (FOVs) selected by the TIS.

Reducing the Frequency of Follow-up Cystoscopy in Low-grade pTa Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Using the ADXBLADDER Biomarker.

Background: Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is one of the most expensive cancers owing to frequent follow-up cystoscopies for detection of recurrence.

Objective: To assess if the noninvasive ADXBLADDER urine test could permit a less intensive surveillance schedule for patients with low-grade (LG) pTa tumor without carcinoma in situ (CIS) at the previous diagnosis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In a prospective, double-blind, multicenter study, 629 patients underwent follow-up cystoscopy, transurethral resection of bladder tumor/biopsy of suspect lesions, and ADXBLADDER testing.

Combined model-based and deep learning-based automated 3D zonal segmentation of the prostate on T2-weighted MR images: clinical evaluation.

Objective: To train and to test for prostate zonal segmentation an existing algorithm already trained for whole-gland segmentation.

Methods: The algorithm, combining model-based and deep learning-based approaches, was trained for zonal segmentation using the NCI-ISBI-2013 dataset and 70 T2-weighted datasets acquired at an academic centre. Test datasets were randomly selected among examinations performed at this centre on one of two scanners (General Electric, 1.

International Bladder Cancer Group Consensus Statement on Clinical Trial Design for Patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-exposed High-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.

Context: A large proportion of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) fall in the gap between bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-naïve and BCG-unresponsive disease. As multiple therapeutic agents move into this gray area, there is a critical need to define the disease state and establish recommendations for optimal trial design.

Objective: To develop a consensus on optimal trial design for patients with BCG-exposed NMIBC, defined as high-grade recurrence after BCG treatment that does not meet the criteria for BCG-unresponsive disease.

Prognostic Implications of Treatment Delays for Patients with Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.

Background: Delay in treatment is a prognostic factor in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Objective: To evaluate clinical outcomes associated with delays in diagnosis and treatment for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this retrospective study we analyzed data for patients treated at our center between November 2008 and December 2016 for intermediate risk (IR) or high risk (HR) NMIBC with an additional intravesical treatment.

Artificial intelligence to improve cytology performances in bladder carcinoma detection: results of the VisioCyt test.

Objective: To explore the utility of artificial intelligence (AI) using the VisioCyt® test (VitaDX International, Rennes, France) to improve diagnosis of bladder carcinoma using voided urine cytology.

Patients And Methods: A national prospective multicentre trial (14 centres) was conducted on 1360 patients, divided in two groups. The first group included bladder carcinoma diagnosis with different histological grades and stages, and the second group included control patients based on negative cystoscopy and cytology results.

Lymphatic embolization for the management of symptomatic pelvic lymphocele after radical prostatectomy with lymph node dissection: Report of two cases.

Introduction: Pelvic lymphocele is the most common complication of pelvic lymph node dissection after radical prostatectomy. Management of symptomatic pelvic lymphocele begins with percutaneous drainage, followed by sclerotherapy or surgical marsupialization and more recently, lymphatic embolization. In this article, we show the feasibility and results of two lymphatic embolization after prostatectomy with lymph node dissection.

Consensus Definition and Prediction of Complexity in Transurethral Resection or Bladder Endoscopic Dissection of Bladder Tumours.

Ten senior urologists were interrogated to develop a predictive model based on factors from which they could anticipate complex transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TURBT). Complexity was defined by consensus. Panel members then used a five-point Likert scale to grade those factors that, in their opinion, drove complexity.

Comparison of the performances of the ADXBLADDER test and urinary cytology in the follow-up of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a blinded prospective multicentric study.

Objective: To compare directly the performance of the ADXBLADDER test with that of cytology in the detection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrences.

Background: ADXBLADDER is a urine test based on the detection of MCM5, a DNA licensing factor expressed in all cells capable of dividing. Expression is usually restricted to the basal stem cell compartment; however, in malignancy, MCM5-expressing cells can be found throughout the epithelium.

Candidates to salvage therapy after external-beam radiotherapy of prostate cancer: Predictors of local recurrence volume and metastasis-free survival.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the predictors of metastasis-free survival (MFS) and of the volume of the local recurrence in patients with rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum level after radiotherapy for prostate cancer and referred for prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsy in view of salvage treatment.

Materials And Methods: A total of 132 consecutive men (median age, 70 years; IQR, 66-77 years) with rising PSA after prostate radiotherapy who underwent prostate MRI and biopsy in view of salvage treatment between January 2010 and July 2017 were retrospectively evaluated at a single center. MFS predictors were assessed with Cox models.