Organotypic culture of human brain explants as a preclinical model for AI-driven antiviral studies.

Viral neuroinfections represent a major health burden for which the development of antivirals is needed. Antiviral compounds that target the consequences of a brain infection (symptomatic treatment) rather than the cause (direct-acting antivirals) constitute a promising mitigation strategy that requires to be investigated in relevant models. However, physiological surrogates mimicking an adult human cortex are lacking, limiting our understanding of the mechanisms associated with viro-induced neurological disorders.

Myeloperoxydase and CD15 With Glycophorin C Double Staining in the Evaluation of Skin Wound Vitality in Forensic Practice.

Background: The determination of skin wound vitality based on tissue sections is a challenge for the forensic pathologist. Histology is still the gold standard, despite its low sensitivity. Immunohistochemistry could allow to obtain a higher sensitivity.

Cytokines as new biomarkers of skin wound vitality.

Background: The diagnosis of skin wound vitality is currently based on standard histology, but histological findings lack sensitivity in case of a short survival time. New reliable biomarkers of vitality are therefore strongly needed. We assessed the ability of 10 candidate cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α) to discriminate between vital and early post-mortem wounds.

Control of nerve cord formation by Engrailed and Gooseberry-Neuro: A multi-step, coordinated process.

One way to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the construction of a nervous system is to identify the downstream effectors of major regulatory proteins. We previously showed that Engrailed (EN) and Gooseberry-Neuro (GsbN) transcription factors act in partnership to drive the formation of posterior commissures in the central nervous system of Drosophila. In this report, we identified genes regulated by both EN and GsbN through chromatin immunoprecipitation ("ChIP on chip") and transcriptome experiments, combined to a genetic screen relied to the gene dose titration method.

LIFE BEYOND LIFE - An Easy Way to Derive Lung Fibroblasts from Cadavers.

Several protocols have illustrated the possibility of deriving cells, such as fibroblasts, from different organs. These techniques generally concern organs sampled from living persons, but have already been described for cadavers, especially concerning the skin and tendons. We present, for the first time, an easy way to derive pulmonary fibroblasts from a lung tissue sampled from a cadaver and directly culture plated.

Technical note: The two step procedure (TSP) for the determination of age at death of adult human remains in forensic cases.

This paper presents the principles and results of TSP (the two step procedure), a comprehensive (combined) method of age estimation in mature human skeletal remains. The first step consists of the examination of the pubic symphysis using the Suchey-Brooks system for a "pre-choice". Then for SBS phases I, II, III, (young adults up to about 40) the age estimate is given using the chronological interval corresponding to each phase.

[Use of the intraosseous access in adult patients in France in 2012].

Objectives: To evaluate theoretical and practical knowledges of intraosseous (IO) access in adults patients in France in 2012.

Study Design: National observational descriptive transversal study as survey of opinion and practices.

Materials And Methods: An email, with an URL to online computerized quiz, was sent to residents and medical doctors who were working, in France, in anesthesiologist units, intensive care units or emergency units.

[Use of neuromuscular blocking agents in prehospital medicine: practice survey in Emergency Mobile Services of the South-East of France].

Objective: To evaluate the use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) in the French adult Prehospital Emergency Medical Services (PEMS).

Study Design: Telephone survey of practices.

Materials And Methods: A survey was conducted from April to July 2009 in every PEMS of the South-East of France.

[Survey on anaesthetic practices for electroconvulsivotherapy in French university hospitals].

Objectives: To evaluate the anaesthetic management of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in French university hospitals.

Study Design: National survey in university hospitals by mail.

Materials And Methods: An email was sent to heads of department of anaesthesiology in French university hospitals to identify a referent practitioner, which we then sent a computerized quiz.

[French national survey on evaluation by residents in anesthesiology and critical care of choice's motivations of the specialty and their practical and theoretical training].

Introduction: The duration of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (AIC) residency increased from four to five years in 2002 in France. AIC is a specialty increasingly chosen in relation to medical and surgical specialties. We conducted a national survey by questionnaire on the evaluation of their theoretical and practical training by the French residents.

A concerted action of Engrailed and Gooseberry-Neuro in neuroblast 6-4 is triggering the formation of embryonic posterior commissure bundles.

One challenging question in neurogenesis concerns the identification of cues that trigger axonal growth and pathfinding to form stereotypic neuronal networks during the construction of a nervous system. Here, we show that in Drosophila, Engrailed (EN) and Gooseberry-Neuro (GsbN) act together as cofactors to build the posterior commissures (PCs), which shapes the ventral nerve cord. Indeed, we show that these two proteins are acting together in axon growth and midline crossing, and that this concerted action occurs at early development, in neuroblasts.

Polycomb group-dependent Cyclin A repression in Drosophila.

Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) proteins are well known for their role in the maintenance of silent and active expression states of homeotic genes. However, PcG proteins may also be required for the control of cellular proliferation in vertebrates. In Drosophila, PcG factors act by associating with specific DNA regions termed PcG response elements (PREs).

[Pregnant woman anaesthetic management in gynaecologic laparoscopic surgery at the maternity hospital of Clermont-Ferrand].

Objective: To evaluate the anaesthetic management intended for pregnant women in the field of non obstetric and gynaecologic laparoscopic surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective and monocentric investigation.

Patients And Methods: Analysis of the anaesthetic and obstetric files from 27 pregnant women operated on in the establishment, between January 2001 and July 2004.