Outcomes of extremely preterm infants who participated in a randomised trial of dopamine for treatment of hypotension (the HIP trial) at 2 years corrected age.

Objective: To determine survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes in the Hypotension in Preterm (HIP) trial.

Design: Prospective follow-up of infants enrolled in randomised controlled trial.

Participants: 58 infants born before 28 weeks of gestation with low mean arterial blood pressure.

Prospective comparison of thermometers used in very preterm infants.

We measured temperature on admission to the neonatal unit in a cohort of 54 very preterm infants. We measured rectal temperature with a digital thermometer (Microlife MT-1931) as the gold standard (MT-R). We also measured axillary temperature with the MT (MT-A), with the Welch Allyn SureTemp Plus 692 in 'continuous' (WAC) mode and in the default 'predictive' (WAP) mode.

Hypotension in Preterm Infants (HIP) randomised trial.

Objective: To determine whether restricting the use of inotrope after diagnosis of low blood pressure (BP) in the first 72 hours of life affects survival without significant brain injury at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) in infants born before 28 weeks of gestation.

Design: Double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial. Caregivers were masked to group assignment.

Comparison of rectal and axillary temperature measurements in preterm newborns.

Objective: To compare rectal and axillary temperatures in preterm newborns on admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Design: Secondary analysis of data collected in a randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Setting: Maternity hospital, level 3 NICU.

Bench-top comparison of thermometers used in newborn infants.

We wished to determine the accuracy of thermometers used to measure temperature in newborn infants. We measured the temperature of a water bath with three types of thermometer set at 0.5°C increments between 32.

Randomised trial of estimating oral endotracheal tube insertion depth in newborns using suprasternal palpation of the tip or weight.

Background: Endotracheal tube (ETT) tip position is determined on chest X-ray (CXR) and should lie between the upper border of the first thoracic vertebra (T1) and the lower border of second thoracic vertebra (T2). Infant weight is commonly used to estimate how far the ETT should be inserted but frequently results in malpositioned ETT tips. Palpation of the ETT tip at the suprasternal notch has been recommended as an alternative.

Crying and breathing by new-born preterm infants after early or delayed cord clamping.

Guidelines recommend delayed cord clamping (DCC) of at least 30 s for vigorous preterm infants who do not require resuscitation. It is not known whether DCC affects the rate of crying and breathing after birth. We reviewed videos of 80 preterm infants in the delivery room.

Randomised study comparing heart rate measurement in newly born infants using a monitor incorporating electrocardiogram and pulse oximeter versus pulse oximeter alone.

Aim: To determine whether IntelliVue (ECG plus Masimo pulse oximeter (PO)) measures heart rate (HR) in low-risk newborns more quickly than Nellcor PO (PO alone).

Methods: Unmasked parallel group randomised (1:1) study.

Results: We studied 100 infants, 47 randomised to IntelliVue, 53 to Nellcor.

Comparison of infant heart rate assessment by auscultation, ECG and oximetry in the delivery room.

Clinical assessment of an infant's heart rate (HR) in the delivery room (DR) has been reported to be inaccurate. We compared auscultation of the HR using a stethoscope with electrocardiography (ECG) and pulse oximetry (PO) for determining the HR in 92 low-risk newborn infants in the DR. Caregivers auscultated the HR while masked to the HR on the monitor.

2% chlorhexidine-70% isopropyl alcohol versus 10% povidone-iodine for insertion site cleaning before central line insertion in preterm infants: a randomised trial.

Objective: To determine whether 2% chlorhexidine gluconate-70% isopropyl alcohol (CHX-IA) is superior to 10% aqueous povidone-iodine (PI) in preventing catheter-related blood stream infection (CR-BSI) when used to clean insertion sites before placing central venous catheters (CVCs) in preterm infants.

Design: Randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Two neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Randomised trial of estimating oral endotracheal tube insertion depth in newborns using weight or vocal cord guide.

Background: When intubating newborns, clinicians aim to position the endotracheal tube (ETT) tip in the midtrachea. The depth to which ETTs should be inserted is often estimated using the infant's weight. ETTs are frequently incorrectly positioned in newborns, most often inserted too far.

A randomised crossover study of low-flow air or oxygen via nasal cannulae to prevent desaturation in preterm infants.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of low-flow oxygen, low-flow air and sham treatment given via nasal cannulae in preventing desaturation (falls in oxygen saturation (SpO2)) in preterm infants.

Study Design: Infants born at <33 weeks gestation receiving gas at flow rates <1 l/min via nasal cannulae were eligible for inclusion. Enrolled infants received three treatments-0.