The effect of task load, information reliability and interdependency on anticipation performance.

In sport, coaches often explicitly provide athletes with stable contextual information related to opponent action preferences to enhance anticipation performance. This information can be dependent on, or independent of, dynamic contextual information that only emerges during the sequence of play (e.g.

Corticospinal and spinal responses following a single session of lower limb motor skill and resistance training.

Prior studies suggest resistance exercise as a potential form of motor learning due to task-specific corticospinal responses observed in single sessions of motor skill and resistance training. While existing literature primarily focuses on upper limb muscles, revealing a task-dependent nature in eliciting corticospinal responses, our aim was to investigate such responses after a single session of lower limb motor skill and resistance training. Twelve participants engaged in a visuomotor force tracking task, self-paced knee extensions, and a control task.

Early identification of the opposition shot taker characterises elite goalkeepers' ability to read the game.

Researchers investigating expertise in soccer goalkeepers have overwhelmingly focused on anticipating penalty kicks and identifying kinematic cues that are used to anticipate action outcomes. In this study, we took a novel approach to exploring 'game reading' skills in soccer goalkeepers. Specifically, we investigated whether and by what point during an attacking sequence in open play, elite goalkeepers can identify the opposition shot taker, a skill that is likely to facilitate organisation of the defensive line and interception of forward creative attacking passes.

Henri Cochet's theory of angles in tennis (1933) reveals a new facet of anticipation.

In this study, we tested the theory of angles that was proposed almost a century ago by the tennis player Henri Cochet. This theory proposes that expert tennis players should position themselves on the bisector of the angle of the opponent's possibilities in order to optimize shot return, suggesting a geometric occupation of the court relative to the opponent's affordances; namely what he/she is capable of doing. We tested this hypothesis by analysing player and ball positioning data from professional tennis matches recorded with a Hawk-Eye system.

Patient Factors Influencing Speech Outcomes in Velopharyngeal Function Following Initial Cleft Palate Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Identification of patient factors influencing velopharyngeal function for speech following initial cleft palate repair.

Design: A literature search of relevant databases from inception until 2018 was performed using medical subject headings and keywords related to cleft palate, palatoplasty and speech assessment. Following three stage screening data extraction was performed.

Mandibular angle fractures: a demographic review, with particular reference to post-operative complications.

Background: Mandibular angle fractures (MAF) have a recognized complexity of treatment and an increased risk of incurring complications.

Methods: This retrospective study included 45 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with an isolated MAF and no other facial fractures. The average age was 27.

A thematic analysis of alcohol use and culture amongst elite (intercounty) Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) players.

Background: There are limited studies examining alcohol consumption in Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) players. In a previous paper, we reported excess alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harms and binge drinking amongst elite GAA players. In that survey, the players were provided with an opportunity to provide comments on alcohol.

Corticospinal and spinal adaptations following lower limb motor skill training: a meta-analysis with best evidence synthesis.

Motor skill training alters the human nervous system; however, lower limb motor tasks have been less researched compared to upper limb tasks. This meta-analysis with best evidence synthesis aimed to determine the cortical and subcortical responses that occur following lower limb motor skill training, and whether these responses are accompanied by improvements in motor performance. Following a literature search that adhered to the PRISMA guidelines, data were extracted and analysed from six studies (n = 172) for the meta-analysis, and 11 studies (n = 257) were assessed for the best evidence synthesis.

Predictors of adverse gambling behaviours amongst elite athletes.

Problem gambling levels amongst elite sportspeople are above populational baseline. We assess gambling in an elite Irish sporting population. An anonymous web-based questionnaire including the validated Problem Gambling Severity Index was distributed.

The effect of attentional focus instructions on performance and technique in a complex open skill.

External focus of attention has been shown to promote more automatic motor control, yielding better performance and more efficient technique, than an internal focus. However, most research has used closed-skill tasks in novices. The extent to which the reported pattern of findings generalises to more complex, time-constrained tasks requires further investigation.

Harmful alcohol consumption in elite sports players in Ireland.

Background: Sportspeople are more prone to binge drink than their peers.

Aims: We aimed to assess alcohol consumption, harms and behaviours in an elite Irish sporting population (Gaelic footballers and hurlers).

Methods: An anonymous web-based questionnaire (demographics, alcohol consumption, culture and related harms) was administered to all elite players.

A Closer Look at Delayed Primary Cleft Surgery and Unrepaired Cleft Lip and/or Palate in 5 UK Cleft Centers.

Background: There may be many reasons for delays to primary cleft surgery. Our aim was to investigate the age of children undergoing primary cleft lip or primary cleft palate repair in 5 cleft centers within the United Kingdom. Identify the reasons for delayed primary cleft lip repair (beyond 6 months) and delayed primary palate repair (beyond 13 months).

The effect of equipment modification on the performance of novice junior cricket batters.

Equipment scaling has yielded better performance in children in comparison to using adult equipment. To better inform applied practice in junior sport, an investigation of additional equipment modifications designed to further simplify the task is required. This study, therefore, aims to determine the effect of increasing surface area of cricket equipment (bats and balls) on batting performance and technique.

Classification Videos Reveal the Visual Information Driving Complex Real-World Speeded Decisions.

Humans can rapidly discriminate complex scenarios as they unfold in real time, for example during law enforcement or, more prosaically, driving and sport. Such decision-making improves with experience, as new sources of information are exploited. For example, sports experts are able to predict the outcome of their opponent's next action (e.

The effect of consistent and varied follow-through practice schedules on learning a table tennis backhand.

In table tennis the follow-through action after a shot is an important part of skill execution. In this experiment, we aimed to extend literature around the contextual interference effect by investigating whether the way the follow-through is organised in practice affects learning of the backhand shot in table tennis. Thirty unskilled participants were allocated to blocked-variable practice, random-variable practice or a control-constant group and aimed backhand shots towards a target following ball projection from a machine.

The role of contextual information during skilled anticipation.

In dynamic, temporally constrained tasks, individuals often need to anticipate what will happen next prior to information becoming available within the environment. In such situations, the availability of contextual information can facilitate anticipation, often in conjunction with postural information. While many researchers have identified the specific sources of postural information facilitating anticipation, few have investigated the specific sources of contextual information employed.

In vitro dissolution models for the prediction of in vivo performance of an oral mesoporous silica formulation.

Drug release from mesoporous silica systems has been widely investigated in vitro using USP Type II (paddle) dissolution apparatus. However, it is not clear if the observed enhanced in vitro dissolution can forecast drug bioavailability in vivo. In this study, the ability of different in vitro dissolution models to predict in vivo oral bioavailability in a pig model was examined.

Contextual information and perceptual-cognitive expertise in a dynamic, temporally-constrained task.

Skilled performers extract and process postural information from an opponent during anticipation more effectively than their less-skilled counterparts. In contrast, the role and importance of contextual information in anticipation has received only minimal attention. We evaluate the importance of contextual information in anticipation and examine the underlying perceptual-cognitive processes.

Sports-Related Maxillofacial Injuries.

Background: Sports-related maxillofacial injuries contribute a significant proportion of the workload in a maxillofacial unit. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of maxillofacial sports-related injuries, treatments required, and assess the impact of the injury on future sport participation.

Method: A retrospective review was carried out on all maxillofacial trauma referrals from September 1, 2009 to August 31, 2010.

Aggressive giant cell lesion of the jaws: a review of management options and report of a mandibular lesion treated with denosumab.

Giant cell lesions (GCLs), previously referred to as giant cell granulomas, are benign tumors of the jaws of unknown etiology. Surgical management of aggressive GCLs is challenging, as these lesions demonstrate a tendency to recur following surgical removal. In addition, surgical treatment can be associated with significant morbidity.

Protrusio acetabuli: a rare cause of pulmonary embolus.

Protrusio acetabuli is an uncommon complication of total hip arthroplasty, which results in intrapelvic implant migration after erosion of medial acetabular wall. We present a case of severe prosthetic migration with the formation of haematoma and impingement on iliac vessels leading to thrombosis and subsequent pulmonary embolus. This is the first reported case of protrusio acetabuli as a cause of pulmonary embolus.

3D rotational angiography in the endovascular treatment of visceral aneurysms: preliminary experience in a single centre.

Objectives: Endovascular embolization is a valid option for the management of visceral artery aneurysms. Imaging is crucial for providing anatomical assessments, but preoperative non-invasive investigations may not be exhaustive. The aim of this work is to present preliminary experience with the use of three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA) in this particular theatre.

Lower leg compartment syndrome after appendicectomy.

A 10-year-old boy presented with severe left lower leg pain, uncontrolled with increasing analgesia after appendicectomy. A diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome was made after a delayed referral to the orthopaedic service. The patient subsequently underwent an emergency fasciotomy and made a good functional recovery.

Management of large erupting complex odontoma in maxilla.

We present the unusual case of a large complex odontoma erupting in the maxilla. Odontomas are benign developmental tumours of odontogenic origin. They are characterized by slow growth and nonaggressive behaviour.