Progressive Sarcopenia in Patients With Colorectal Cancer Predicts Survival.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia and overall and progression-free survival in patients with colorectal cancer.

Materials And Methods: This study was retrospective and complied with HIPAA. Patients with colorectal cancer who underwent CT at the time of and 6-18 months after diagnosis were included.

Effect of sarcopenia on clinical and surgical outcome in elderly patients with proximal femur fractures.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between sarcopenia with short-term surgical outcome in elderly patients with proximal femur fractures.

Methods And Materials: Following Institutional Review Board approval, a database of patients receiving a pelvis CT scan for acute trauma between January 2000-August 2016 was screened for an isolated proximal femur fracture. Patients were excluded if they were: < 50 years old, had conditions predisposing to sarcopenia (renal failure, congestive heart failure, muscular dystrophies), had undergone no surgical treatment, had other major traumatic injuries, or had a pathologic femur fracture.

Safety of omitting routine bleeding tests prior to image-guided musculoskeletal core needle biopsy.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety of withholding preprocedure international normalized ratio (INR) and platelet testing in patients undergoing musculoskeletal (MSK) core needle biopsy (CNB).

Material And Methods: Initially, a retrospective review of 1,162 consecutive patients undergoing MSK CNB with preprocedural INR and platelet testing was performed. Clinical (age, gender, bleeding disorder, liver disease, anticoagulation use, INR > 2, platelet count <50,000/ul) and biopsy factors (imaging modality, lesion type, biopsy needle gauge, number biopsy samples) were tested for association with bleeding complications.

Diagnostic yield of percutaneous biopsy for sclerotic bone lesions: Influence of mean Hounsfield units.

Purpose: To identify whether there was an association between Hounsfield units of sclerotic bone lesions and diagnostic yield of biopsy.

Method: All core needle biopsies of sclerotic bone lesion were identified from a database. Pathology reports were reviewed to determine whether the biopsy was diagnostic or non-diagnostic.

Clinical and Radiologic Predictive Factors of Rib Fractures in Outpatients With Chest Pain.

Purpose: To identify the clinical and radiologic predictive factors of rib fractures in stable adult outpatients presenting with chest pain and to determine the utility of dedicated rib radiographs in this population of patients.

Method And Materials: Following Institutional Review Board approval, we performed a retrospective review of 339 consecutive cases in which a frontal chest radiograph and dedicated rib series had been obtained for chest pain in the outpatient setting. The frontal chest radiograph and dedicated rib series were sequentially reviewed in consensus by two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists blinded to the initial report.

The Extensor Mechanism: Imaging and Intervention.

We present an overview of imaging and intervention of the extensor mechanism of the knee. Particular focus is placed on the evaluation of patellofemoral tracking disorders, patellar and quadriceps tendinosis and tears, patellar fracture, lateral patellar condyle patellar friction syndrome, and prepatellar bursitis. Anatomical and biomechanical factors contributing to these disorders are considered.

3D Printing Aids Acetabular Reconstruction in Complex Revision Hip Arthroplasty.

Revision hip arthroplasty requires comprehensive appreciation of abnormal bony anatomy. Advances in radiology and manufacturing technology have made three-dimensional (3D) representation of osseous anatomy obtainable, which provide visual and tactile feedback. Such life-size 3D models were manufactured from computed tomography scans of three hip joints in two patients.

MRI-directed cognitive fusion-guided biopsy of the anterior prostate tumors.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-directed cognitive fusion transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided anterior prostate biopsy for diagnosis of anterior prostate tumors and to illustrate this technique.

Methods: A total of 39 patients with previous negative TRUS biopsy, but high clinical suspicion of occult prostate cancer, prospectively underwent prostate MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Patients with a suspicious anterior lesion on MRI underwent targeted anterior gland TRUS-guided biopsy with cognitive fusion technique using sagittal probe orientation.

JOURNAL CLUB: Utility of Repeat Core Needle Biopsy of Musculoskeletal Lesions With Initially Nondiagnostic Findings.

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to assess the utility of repeat image-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) of musculoskeletal lesions in the setting of initially nondiagnostic CNB findings.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 1302 consecutive CNBs performed on bone or soft-tissue lesions at a single institution. Pediatric cases and spine lesions were not included.

Comparison of Battery-Powered and Manual Bone Biopsy Systems for Core Needle Biopsy of Sclerotic Bone Lesions.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare manual and battery-powered bone biopsy systems for diagnostic yield and procedural factors during core needle biopsy of sclerotic bone lesions.

Materials And Methods: A total of 155 consecutive CT-guided core needle biopsies of sclerotic bone lesions were performed at one institution from January 2006 to November 2014. Before March 2012, lesions were biopsied with manual bone drill systems.

Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Biopsy of the Prostate: Is the Information Accessible, Usable, Reliable and Readable?

Background/aims: To evaluate the accessibility, usability, reliability and readability of Internet information regarding transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy of the prostate.

Materials And Methods: The terms "prostate biopsy", "TRUS biopsy" and "transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate" were separately entered into the each of the top 5 most accessed Internet search engines. Websites were evaluated for accessibility, usability and reliability using the LIDA tool - a validated tool for the assessment of health related websites.

Cystic Fibrosis below the Diaphragm: Abdominal Findings in Adult Patients.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal autosomal recessive disease in the white population. Mutation of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene on chromosome 7 results in production of abnormally viscous mucus and secretions in the lungs of patients with CF. A similar pathologic process occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and hepatobiliary system.

Visceral Adiposity is a Risk Factor for Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy.

Background: Studies utilizing body mass index (BMI) have failed to show a consistent relationship between obesity and survival following treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC). Computerized tomography (CT) offers a reliable alternative approach to quantify body adiposity. We hypothesized that visceral obesity may negatively impact survival in CRC patients.

Femoral head avascular necrosis: a frequently missed incidental finding on multidetector CT.

Aim: To determine the incidence of missed femoral head avascular necrosis (AVN) on pelvic computed tomography (CT) performed for clinical indications other than assessment for AVN.

Materials And Methods: The study was a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant retrospective study. The picture archiving and communication system (PACS) database was queried for patients with diagnosis of femoral head AVN on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), who also underwent pelvic multidetector CT after or <30 days before the MRI examination.

Automated computer-derived prostate volumes from MR imaging data: comparison with radiologist-derived MR imaging and pathologic specimen volumes.

Purpose: To compare prostate gland volume (PV) estimation of automated computer-generated multifeature active shape models (MFAs) performed with 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with that of other methods of PV assessment, with pathologic specimens as the reference standard.

Materials And Methods: All subjects provided written informed consent for this HIPAA-compliant and institutional review board-approved study. Freshly weighed prostatectomy specimens from 91 patients (mean age, 59 years; range, 42-84 years) served as the reference standard.

High-resolution proton density weighted three-dimensional fast spin echo (3D-FSE) of the knee with IDEAL at 1.5 Tesla: comparison with 3D-FSE and 2D-FSE--initial experience.

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of combining three-dimensional fast spin echo (3D-FSE) and Iterative-decomposition-of water-and-fat-with-echo asymmetry-and-least-squares-estimation (IDEAL) at 1.5 Tesla (T), generating a high-resolution 3D isotropic proton density-weighted image set with and without "fat-suppression" (FS) in a single acquisition, and to compare with 2D-FSE and 3D-FSE (without IDEAL).

Materials And Methods: Ten asymptomatic volunteers prospectively underwent sagittal 3D-FSE-IDEAL, 3D-FSE, and 2D-FSE sequences at 1.

Prevalence of renal artery stenosis in flash pulmonary oedema: determination using gadolinium-enhanced MRA.

Purpose: The primary purpose was to determine the prevalence of renal artery stenosis (RAS) in patients presenting with acute ("flash") pulmonary oedema (FPE), without identifiable cause using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) of renal arteries. A secondary goal was to correlate clinical parameters at presentation with the presence or absence of RAS.

Materials And Methods: Patients presenting with acute pulmonary oedema without identifiable cause prospectively underwent CE-MRA.

Elevated tumour marker: an indication for imaging?

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of imaging examinations in patients with elevated tumour markers when (a) the tumour marker is not validated for as a primary diagnostic test; (b) the patient had no personal history of cancer and (c) the patient had no other imaging indication.

Materials And Methods: Patients without known cancer who had abnormal carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9, CA125 and/or CA15-3 serology over a one-year period were included. A retrospective medical record review was performed to assess the number of these cases who underwent imaging because of 'elevated tumour marker' in the absence of a clinical indication for imaging.

MR imaging of scrotal tumors and pseudotumors.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is an important imaging technique in the evaluation of scrotal masses, providing a useful adjunct to ultrasonography (US). Although US is the modality of choice for initial evaluation of scrotal pathologic conditions because of its wide availability, low cost, and high sensitivity for detection of testicular and paratesticular disease processes, US findings may occasionally be inconclusive. MR imaging may provide additional information in these cases, often affecting patient management.

Lymphatic metastases from pelvic tumors: anatomic classification, characterization, and staging.

The spread of pelvic tumors to lymph nodes is an important means of tumor dissemination. Nodal metastases have important management and prognostic impact. Pelvic tumors usually metastasize first to regional lymph nodes, which are specific groups of nodes for each tumor, and are classified according to the TNM system as N-stage disease.

An unusual variant of anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction in a patient with pancreas divisum diagnosed with secretin-magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.

Anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction is an unusual variant of pancreaticobiliary anatomy of clinical importance because it is associated with increased risk of pancreatitis and, also, for the development of cholangiocarcinoma. We report an unusual variant of anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction, occurring in a patient with pancreas divisum, with an anomalous communication between the dorsal pancreatic and the common bile duct. The patient presented with a distal biliary stricture.

Case report: Longitudinal stress fracture of the humerus: imaging features and pitfalls.

Longitudinal stress fractures are an uncommon injury in which a diaphyseal fracture line occurs parallel to the long axis of a bone in the absence of direct trauma. They have been described in the tibia and less commonly in the femur but apparently not in the upper limb. We report a longitudinal stress fracture occurring in the humerus of a 62-year-old woman who had a history of osteoporosis and had undergone recent surgery of the contralateral wrist.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in the evaluation of patients with prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is a common tumor among men, with increasing diagnosis at an earlier stage and a lower volume of disease because of screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The need for imaging of the prostate stems from a desire to optimize treatment strategy on a patient and tumor-specific level. The major goals of prostate imaging are (1) staging of known cancer, (2) determination of tumor aggressiveness, (3) diagnosis of cancer in patients who have elevated PSA but a negative biopsy, (4) treatment planning, and (5) the evaluation of therapy response.