Cheek Donor Site for Full-Thickness Skin Graft Repair of the Nasal Ala: Outcomes of a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) are useful repairs for reconstructing nasal alar defects. Traditional donor sites include the preauricular, postauricular, and supraclavicular skin.

Objective: To evaluate esthetic outcomes and complications of nasal alar defects repaired with FTSGs from the medial cheek.

Factors Shifting Preference Toward Telemedicine in the Delivery of Skin Cancer Reconstruction Care.

Objectives: Identify which delivery modality for skin reconstruction care, face-to-face (FTF) in-person versus two telemedicine modalities, store-and-forward (S&F) and live video chat (LVC), is patient preferred and how cost, access, wait time, and demographics influence this preference.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Methods: A 16-question survey querying demographics and five scenario-specific preferences questions for the delivery of skin cancer reconstruction care was created and distributed via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a crowdsourcing online marketplace, and in-person to Mohs micrographic surgery patients.

Perception of upper lip augmentation utilizing simulated photography.

Background: No head to head comparison is available between surgical lip lifting and upper lip filler injections to decide which technique yields the best results in patients. Despite the growing popularity of upper lip augmentation, its effect on societal perceptions of attractiveness, successfulness and overall health in woman is unknown.

Methods: Blinded casual observers viewed three versions of independent images of 15 unique patient lower faces for a total of 45 images.

Complications and Outcomes of Chimeric Free Flaps: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Ablations of locally advanced or recurrent head and neck cancer commonly result in large composite orofacial defects. Chimeric flaps represent a unique surgical option for these defects, as they provide diverse tissue types from a single donor site. The purpose of the study was to consolidate the literature on chimeric flaps with regard to postoperative complication rates to help inform surgical decision making.

Postoperative Complications of Paramedian Forehead Flap Reconstruction.

Importance: Paramedian forehead flaps are commonly used to reconstruct facial defects caused by skin cancers. Data are lacking on the complications from this procedure, postoperative outcomes, and association of cancer diagnosis with rate of deep venous thrombosis (DVT).

Objectives: The primary objective was to determine complication rates after paramedian forehead flap reconstruction for defects resulting from resection of facial cancers; and the secondary objective was to determine patient factors and complications that are associated with readmission.

Complications and Reoperations in Mandibular Angle Fractures.

Importance: Mandible angle fractures can be repaired in a variety of ways, with no consensus on the outcomes of complications and reoperation rates.

Objectives: To analyze patient, injury, and surgical factors, including approach to the angle and plating technique, associated with postoperative complications, as well as the rate of reoperation with regard to mandible angle fractures.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective cohort study analyzing the surgical outcomes of patients with mandible angle fractures between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, who underwent open reduction and internal fixation.

Complications of double free flap and free flap combined with locoregional flap in head and neck reconstruction: A systematic review.

Background: The purpose of this clinical review was to assess the feasibility of reconstructing complex head and neck defects with 2 or more free flaps simultaneously.

Methods: A total of 38 articles were reviewed. The patient population included those who received 2 or more free flaps or a single free flap plus a locoregional flap.

Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy relies on T-bet but not Eomes to induce effector function in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells.

Coinhibitory receptor blockade is a promising strategy to boost T-cell immunity against a variety of human cancers. However, many patients still do not benefit from this treatment, and responders often experience immune-related toxicities. These issues highlight the need for advanced mechanistic understanding to improve patient outcomes and uncover clinically relevant biomarkers of treatment efficacy.

Inflammation programs self-reactive CD8+ T cells to acquire T-box-mediated effector function but does not prevent deletional tolerance.

CD8(+) T cells must detect foreign antigens and differentiate into effector cells to eliminate infections. But, when self-antigen is recognized instead, mechanisms of peripheral tolerance prevent acquisition of effector function to avoid autoimmunity. These distinct responses are influenced by inflammatory and regulatory clues from the tissue environment, but the mechanism(s) by which naive T cells interpret these signals to generate the appropriate immune response are unclear.