Developing a Prospective Incident-Reporting System for Clinical Perfusion Practice in the United States.

For nearly 20 years, prominent perfusionists have called for a perfusion-centric prospective incident-reporting system to collect near-miss and patient harm incidents that occur during clinical practice in the United States. In this article, we describe the development of a widely available prospective incident-reporting system for use by perfusionists in the United States. The system was developed in three phases: literature review, system incorporation, and submission for listing as a Patient Safety Organization (PSO).

Movement-specific signaling is differentially distributed across motor cortex layer 5 projection neuron classes.

Motor cortex generates descending output necessary for executing a wide range of limb movements. Although movement-related activity has been described throughout motor cortex, the spatiotemporal organization of movement-specific signaling in deep layers remains largely unknown. Here we record layer 5B population dynamics in the caudal forelimb area of motor cortex while mice perform a forelimb push/pull task and find that most neurons show movement-invariant responses, with a minority displaying movement specificity.

A cerebellar-thalamocortical pathway drives behavioral context-dependent movement initiation.

Executing learned motor behaviors often requires the transformation of sensory cues into patterns of motor commands that generate appropriately timed actions. The cerebellum and thalamus are two key areas involved in shaping cortical output and movement, but the contribution of a cerebellar-thalamocortical pathway to voluntary movement initiation remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated how an auditory "go cue" transforms thalamocortical activity patterns and how these changes relate to movement initiation.

A transient role of the ciliary gene in controlling direct versus indirect neurogenesis in cortical development.

During the development of the cerebral cortex, neurons are generated directly from radial glial cells or indirectly via basal progenitors. The balance between these division modes determines the number and types of neurons formed in the cortex thereby affecting cortical functioning. Here, we investigate the role of primary cilia in controlling the decision between forming neurons directly or indirectly.

Results of the 2019 Survey on Perceptions of Vacancy and Turnover Among Perfusionists in the United States.

A large number of recent publications and presentations have focused on impending workforce issues that surround the field of perfusion. Vacancy and turnover rates, which provide a picture of the current workforce status and serve as a benchmark for comparison with past and future equilibrium, have not been examined. The purpose of the 2019 Vacancy and Turnover study was to identify current staffing trends among a cohort of perfusionists in the United States, as well as the factors affecting these trends.

Oral Paracetamol Versus Combination Oral Analgesics for Acute Musculoskeletal Injuries.

Study Objective: We compare paracetamol with a combination of paracetamol, ibuprofen, and codeine for pain relief in acute minor musculoskeletal injuries.

Methods: This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized, active-controlled, parallel-arm study at an urban tertiary hospital emergency department. Participants were aged 18 to 65 years and had acute (<48 hours) closed limb or trunk injuries with moderate pain (greater than 3/10).

Homology threading to generate RNA polymerase structures.

Homology threading is a powerful technology for generating structural models based on homologous structures. Here we use threading to generate four complex RNA polymerase models. The models appear to be as useful as x-ray crystal structures or cryo-electron microscopy structures to support research projects.

When experts disagree (and better science won't help much): using structured deliberations to support endangered species recovery planning.

Progress on recovery plans to conserve endangered species is often blocked due to the lack of an effective framework that technical experts and other knowledgeable stakeholders can use to examine areas of agreement or disagreement about the anticipated effects of management actions. Multi-party, multi-interest resource management deliberations, although increasingly common, are difficult in the context of recovery planning due to the range of potentially affected environmental, economic, and social concerns. These deliberations are further complicated by frequent disagreements among technical experts about how to identify and address various sources of biological uncertainty.

Emergency nurse practitioners: do they provide an effective service in managing minor injuries, compared to emergency medicine registrars?

Aim: To determine whether emergency nurse practitioners (ENPs) are as equivalent to emergency medicine (EM) registrars in minor injury management in a New Zealand environment.

Method: A Prospective observational audit (chart review) of a non-consecutive cohort of patients with minor trauma was conducted. The primary outcome measure was length of stay.

A time for international standards?: comparing the Emergency Nurse Practitioner role in the UK, Australia and New Zealand.

The aim of this paper is to compare the Emergency Nurse Practitioner (ENP) role in the UK, Australia and New Zealand. Whilst geographically distant, the role of the ENP within these three countries shares fundamental similarities, causing us to question, is this a time to implement international standards for the role? The ENP role in all three countries is gradually establishing itself, yet there are shared concerns over how the role is regulated and deficits in standardisation of scope of practice and educational level. Together these issues generate confusion over what the ENP role embodies.

High-pressure neutron diffraction study of superhydrated natrolite.

Neutron powder diffraction data were collected on a sample of natrolite and a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of perdeuterated methanol and water at a pressure of 1.87(11) GPa. The natrolite sample was superhydrated, with a water content double that observed at ambient pressure.

Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and computational investigation of purely siliceous zeolite Y under pressure.

High-pressure synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction measurements of a sample of purely siliceous zeolite Y (faujasite) were carried out up to 8.0 GPa at room temperature using a diamond anvil cell. Measurements using silicone oil as the pressure-transmitting medium show compression of the zeolite followed by a loss of long-range ordering at 2.

The contribution of focus groups in the evaluation of hearing conservation program (HCP) effectiveness.

Problem: Exclusive reliance on such practices as policy review, audiometric testing audits, and noise surveillance to evaluate the effectiveness of workplace hearing conservation programs (HCP) fails to capture the impact of these programs as experienced by workers at the "shop floor" and offers little insight into the reasons and potential remedies for noted deficiencies.

Methods: A qualitative approach for evaluating industrial HCPs (and their various components) is discussed using three industrial populations as case studies. For each study population, this paper illustrates how focus groups, comprised of line workers and supervisors, were used to clarify and augment information gathered through more traditional program assessments to provide a more enriched picture of hearing conservation practices.

Evaluation of a safety training program in three food service companies.

Problem: Outcome measures for safety training effectiveness research often do not include measures such as occupational injury experience. Effectiveness mediators also receive sparse attention.

Method: A new safety training curriculum was delivered to workers in a stratified random sample of food service facilities across three companies.

Information dissemination and use: critical components in occupational safety and health.

Background: Information dissemination is a mandated, but understudied, requirement of occupational and environmental health laws and voluntary initiatives. Research is needed on the factors that enhance and limit the development, transfer, and use of occupational safety and health information (OSH). Contemporary changes in the workforce, workplaces, and the nature of work will require new emphasis on the dissemination of information to foster prevention.

Ethical issues in occupational health research.

This is an overview of ethical issues in occupational health research involving human subjects. Research that requires human subjects review must be distinguished from surveillance or public health practice. Confidentiality and privacy concerns are particularly important in an occupational setting because individual participants may be identifiable through job title or other characteristics, and because there may be concerns about employment discrimination associated with participation status or results.

Ethical issues in the use of genetic markers in occupational epidemiologic research.

This review was conducted to characterize the nature of contemporary occupational epidemiologic research involving genetic markers, consider how genetic information is unique with regard to its social applications, and examine some of the ethical dilemmas that may arise over the course of studies. We have reviewed the literature and the lessons from our experience in conducting occupational epidemiologic research involving genetic markers. This review describes how occupational epidemiologic studies differ from other epidemiologic studies on issues of participation, confidentiality, and the history of including genetic markers.

The training ethic and the ethics of training.

To practice a training ethic, one must view giving or obtaining training regarding workplace health hazards as an ethical responsibility. Furthermore, the training itself must be carried out ethically. Here, the authors discuss the training ethic as an extension of workers' right to know and address ethical issues that arise during training.

Activated neutrophils from rat injured isolated hepatocytes.

Background: Activated neutrophils (PMNs) release cytotoxic agents that can damage surrounding tissue. These studies were performed to determine whether activated PMNs from rat could injure isolated, rat hepatic parenchymal cells (HCs) in vitro.

Experimental Design: HCs were cocultured with unstimulated rat PMNs or with PMNs activated with either f-met-leu-phe (FMLP) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), that stimulate predominantly degranulation or superoxide production, respectively.