An In Vivo High-Resolution Human Brain Atlas of Synaptic Density.

Synapses are fundamental to the function of the central nervous system and are implicated in a number of brain disorders. Despite their pivotal role, a comprehensive imaging resource detailing the distribution of synapses in the human brain has been lacking until now. Here, we employ high-resolution PET neuroimaging in healthy humans (17F/16M) to create a 3D atlas of the synaptic marker Synaptic Vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A).

Muscle strength and endurance after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of surgery on muscular strength and endurance in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT).

Design: Prospective open study.

Setting: University hospital, Sweden.

Effects of detraining following short term resistance training on eccentric and concentric muscle strength.

Healthy males were examined before and after 12 weeks of accommodated resistance training (three week-1) and after 12 weeks of detraining. Training consisted of four to five sets of six coupled maximum voluntary bilateral concentric and eccentric (Grp ECCON; n = 10) or 12 concentric (Grp CON; n = 8) quadriceps muscle actions. Concentric and eccentric peak torque at various constant angular velocities and three repetition maximum half-squat and vertical jump height were measured.

Responses to eccentric and concentric resistance training in females and males.

The adaptive responses to 12 weeks of accommodated resistance training were compared in females (n = 11) and males (n = 11). They performed four to five sets of six maximum bilateral coupled concentric and eccentric quadriceps muscle actions at 1.05 rad s-1 three times per week.

Effects of eccentric and concentric resistance training on skeletal muscle substrates, enzyme activities and capillary supply.

This study compared the skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations in response to combined eccentric and concentric or concentric resistance training regimens. Twenty-six physically active males were assigned to either the combined eccentric and concentric group (n = 10), the concentric group (n = 10) or the control group (n = 6). The combined eccentric and concentric and the concentric groups performed four to five sets of maximal, voluntary bilateral quadriceps muscle actions at 1.

Effects of eccentric and concentric muscle actions in resistance training.

The adaptive responses to two different resistance training regimens were compared. Healthy males performed five sets of either 12 maximum bilateral concentric (Grp CON; n = 11) or six pairs of maximum bilateral eccentric and concentric (Grp ECCON; n = 11) quadriceps muscle actions three times per week for 12 weeks. Uni- and bilateral eccentric and concentric peak torque at various angular velocities, vertical jump height and three-repetition maximum half-squat were measured before and after training.

Evaluation of a dynamometer measuring torque of uni- and bilateral concentric and eccentric muscle action.

A dynamometer designed for torque measurements of uni- and bilateral concentric and eccentric muscle actions of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups is described. Torque reproducibility and control of lever-arm position were studied using known standards. In vivo measurements assessed angular velocity, lever-arm acceleration, variability of torque between limbs and reproducibility of torque.

Bilateral eccentric and concentric torque of quadriceps and hamstring muscles in females and males.

This study assessed maximum eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) torque of quadriceps (QUAD) and hamstring (HAM) muscle groups in healthy females (n = 13) and males (n = 27). Peak torques (PT) of bilateral muscle actions were recorded at constant angular velocities of 0.52, 1.

Blood pressure in resistance-trained athletes.

Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured in age-matched bodybuilders (n = 31) and medical students (n = 37). Also, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were assessed during progressive cycle ergometer exercise at 100-200 W. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures at rest and systolic blood pressure response during exercise were comparable in bodybuilders and students.

Skeletal muscle fiber type composition and performance during repeated bouts of maximal, concentric contractions.

Force output and fatigue and recovery patterns were studied during intermittent short-term exercise. 27 men performed three bouts of 30 maximal unilateral knee extensions on 2 different occasions. Blood flow was maintained or occluded during recovery periods (60 s).

Injuries in Swedish elite basketball.

All Swedish male and female elite basketball players were interviewed concerning their injuries during 1981/1982. Fifty-eight percent of the male and 62% of the female players reported injuries. The injury frequency was 2.

Muscle metabolism during intense, heavy-resistance exercise.

The objective of this study was to examine the muscle metabolic changes occurring during intense and prolonged, heavy-resistance exercise. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis of 9 strength trained athletes before and 30 s after an exercise regimen comprising 5 sets each of front squats, back squats, leg presses and knee extensions using barbell or variable resistance machines. Each set was executed until muscle failure, which occurred within 6-12 muscle contractions.