Aims: Sex and gender may influence penicillin allergy label (PAL) prevalence and outcomes. This review evaluates the effectiveness and safety of direct delabelling (DD) and oral challenge (OC) for low-risk patients and examines sex and gender differences in reporting and outcomes.
Methods: We searched PubMed, Database of Abstracts of Reviews and Effects, ClinicalTrials.
Objectives: Resident pain has been a common quality challenge in congregate care for older adults, and organizational context may explain variations in resident pain beyond resident-level factors. Most studies have focused on nursing homes (NHs), largely neglecting assisted living (AL). AL residents are at similar risk for pain as NH resident, but with AL providing fewer services and staffing resources.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Adult day programs aim to facilitate aging in place by supporting the health and well-being of persons with dementia and providing respite to their caregivers. However, studies on the effects of day programs are inconclusive, and we especially lack insights into the context conditions and mechanisms of day programs that may produce different outcomes for different groups of persons with dementia and their caregivers. Our objective was to conduct a realist review, synthesizing research on day programs to develop program theories explaining how and why day programs do or do not produce positive or negative outcomes for different groups of persons with dementia, and caregivers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: We investigated whether functional social support-the degree to which one perceives support is available when needed-is associated with executive function, a key cognitive domain for everyday functioning and adaptation to change.
Methods: Analyses ( = 23,491) utilized cross-sectional data from the Comprehensive cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), a population-based study of community-dwelling adults aged 45-85 years. Executive function was assessed by neurocognitive battery.
Background: Adult day programs provide critical supports to older adults and their family or friend caregivers. High-quality care in the community for as long as possible and minimizing facility-based continuing care are key priorities of older adults, their caregivers, and health care systems. While most older adults in need of care live in the community, about 10% of newly admitted care home residents have relatively low care needs that could be met in the community with the right supports.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Assisted living (AL) is an increasingly common residential setting for persons with dementia; yet concerns exist about sub-optimal care of this population in AL given its lower levels of staffing and services. Our objectives were to (i) examine associations between AL setting (dementia care vs. other), COVID-19 pandemic waves, and prevalent antipsychotic, antidepressant, anti-dementia, benzodiazepine, and anticonvulsant drug use among residents with dementia/cognitive impairment, and (ii) explore associations between resident and home characteristics and prevalent medication use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: An unintended consequence of efforts to reduce antipsychotic medications in nursing homes is the increase in use of other psychotropic medications; however, evidence of substitution remains limited. Our objective was to measure individual-level prescribing patterns consistent with substitution of trazodone for antipsychotics.
Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Objectives: Assisted living (AL) is a significant and growing congregate care option for vulnerable older adults designed to reduce the use of nursing homes (NHs). However, work on excess mortality in congregate care during the COVID-19 pandemic has primarily focused on NHs with only a few US studies examining AL. The objective of this study was to assess excess mortality among AL and NH residents with and without dementia or significant cognitive impairment in Alberta, Canada, during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, relative to the 3 years before.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn
April 2024
We investigated the association between pre-COVID-19 memory function and (a) receipt of a COVID-19 test and (b) incidence of COVID-19 using the COVID-19 Questionnaire Study (CQS) of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). The CQS included 28,565 middle-aged and older adults. We regressed receipt of a COVID-19 test on participants' immediate and delayed recall memory scores and re-ran the regression models with COVID-19 incidence as the outcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: While assisted living (AL) and nursing home (NHs) residents in share vulnerabilities, AL provides fewer staffing resources and services. Research has largely neglected AL, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study compared trends of practice-sensitive, risk-adjusted quality indicators between AL and NHs, and changes in these trends after the start of the pandemic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn
July 2024
Depression and social isolation increase risk for executive function declines and are among the top five modifiable risk factors for dementia. However, the interrelationships between depression, social isolation and executive function are not well established. Further evidence is needed to inform strategies to promote executive function and independence in older age.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Evidence of an increased dementia risk with insulin use in type 2 diabetes is weakened by confounding by indication and disease severity. Herein we reassess this association, while accounting for confounding through design and analysis.
Research Design And Methods: Using administrative health care data from British Columbia, Canada, we identified patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 1998-2016.
Background: Functional social support (FSS) impacts memory function through biological and psychological pathways. In a national sample of middle-aged and older adults in Canada, we explored the association between FSS and changes in memory over three years and investigated effect modification by age group and sex.
Methods: We analyzed data from the Comprehensive Cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).
Background: Intact cognitive function is crucial for healthy aging. Functional social support is thought to protect against cognitive decline. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the association between functional social support and cognitive function in middle- and older-aged adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The global prevalence of peripartum mental illness is 20%, though estimates have increased since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Chronic illnesses affect one in five pregnancies and may be associated with higher rates of peripartum mental illness. Though pharmacists are well-positioned to facilitate appropriate and timely care of co-occurring mental and physical health conditions during this period, little is understood regarding their potential roles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Data on Canadian pharmacists' knowledge and perceptions about frailty in older adults and its assessment in pharmacy practice are scarce.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 349 Canadian pharmacists was conducted to evaluate pharmacists' knowledge, perceptions and practices regarding frailty. Descriptive analyses summarized responses by practice setting, and a multivariable logistic regression model examined associations between respondent characteristics and the likelihood of assessing frailty.
Background: Accessible measures specific to the Canadian context are needed to support health system planning for older adults living with frailty. We sought to develop and validate the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) Hospital Frailty Risk Measure (HFRM).
Methods: Using CIHI administrative data, we conducted a retrospective cohort study involving patients aged 65 years and older who were discharged from Canadian hospitals from Apr.
Objectives: To investigate whether trazodone is being initiated in lieu of antipsychotics following antipsychotic reduction efforts, this study described changes in medication initiation over time.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of new admissions to nursing homes in Ontario, Canada between April 2010 and December 2019 using health administrative data (N = 61,068). The initiation of antipsychotic and trazodone use was compared by year of admission using discrete time survival analysis and stratified by history of dementia.