Safety and efficacy of black cohosh and red clover for the management of vasomotor symptoms: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of black cohosh and red clover compared with placebo for the relief of menopausal vasomotor symptoms.

Methods: This study was a randomized, four-arm, double-blind clinical trial of standardized black cohosh, red clover, placebo, and 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens plus 2.

Clinical studies of red clover (Trifolium pratense) dietary supplements in menopause: a literature review.

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L., Fabaceae) botanical dietary supplements have received much attention recently for their potential use in the treatment of menopause symptoms, maintenance/improvement of bone and cardiovascular health, and reported benign effects on the breast and endometrium. Literature searches of four computerized databases were run to identify clinical studies of red clover botanical dietary supplements.

Phytoestrogens in botanical dietary supplements: implications for cancer.

Phytoestrogens are plant constituents that possess either estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity. Although their activities are weak as compared with human endogenous estrogens, the consumption of phytoestrogens may have clinically significant consequences. A number of botanicals, or the compounds contained therein, have been identified as putative estrogenic agents, but consensus in the biomedical community has been hampered by conflicting data from various in vitro and in vivo models of estrogenic activity.

Black cohosh acts as a mixed competitive ligand and partial agonist of the serotonin receptor.

Extracts of the rhizome of black cohosh [Actaea racemosa L., formerly called Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt.

Cloning and expression of cynomolgus monkey and baboon zona pellucida proteins.

Partial clones for the three cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fasicularis) zona pellucida genes (cmZPA, cmZPB, and cmZPC) have previously been isolated. These partial clones contained the sequences for the C-terminal portion of each rcmZP protein. To obtain full-length clones for each cmZP, a fresh cynomolgus monkey ovarian cDNA library was constructed.