Market forces determine the distribution of a leaky function in a simple microbial community.

Many biological functions are leaky, and organisms that perform them contribute some of their products to a community "marketplace" in which nonperforming individuals may compete for them. Leaky functions are partitioned unequally in microbial communities, and the evolutionary forces determining which species perform them and which become beneficiaries are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the market principle of comparative advantage determines the distribution of a leaky antibiotic resistance gene in an environment occupied by two "species"-strains of growing on mutually exclusive resources and thus occupying separate niches.

Getting Ready for Adult Healthcare: Designing a Chatbot to Coach Adolescents with Special Health Needs Through the Transitions of Care.

Objective: The AAP, AFP, and ACP have authored statements and recommendations to clinicians about the importance of the transition from pediatric to adult care. The Got Transition program provides a framework and resources based on AAP, AFP and ACP recommendations to promote skill attainment in self-care. Engaging adolescents along the transition journey has proven challenging.

The Impact of Criminal Justice Involvement and Housing Outcomes Among Homeless Persons with Co-occurring Disorders.

The relationship between criminal justice involvement and housing among homeless persons with co-occurring disorders was examined. Program participants assisted in moving to stable housing were interviewed at baseline, six months, and discharge. Those who remained homeless at follow-up and discharge had significantly more time in jail in the past month than those who were housed.

Characterization of TAP Ambr 250 disposable bioreactors, as a reliable scale-down model for biologics process development.

Demands for development of biological therapies is rapidly increasing, as is the drive to reduce time to patient. In order to speed up development, the disposable Automated Microscale Bioreactor (Ambr 250) system is increasingly gaining interest due to its advantages, including highly automated control, high throughput capacity, and short turnaround time. Traditional early stage upstream process development conducted in 2 - 5 L bench-top bioreactors requires high foot-print, and running cost.

Utilization of Mental Health Services and Mental Health Status Among Children Placed in Out-of-Home Care: A Parallel Process Latent Growth Modeling Approach.

This longitudinal study examined the parallel trajectories of mental health service use and mental health status among children placed in Florida out-of-home care. The results of growth curve modeling suggested that children with greater mental health problems initially received more mental health services. Initial child mental health status, however, had no effect on subsequent service provision when all outpatient mental health services were included.

Case Management Models in Permanent Supported Housing Programs for People With Complex Behavioral Issues Who Are Homeless.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to examine two evidence-based models of case management for people with co-occurring disorders and histories of chronic homelessness and to better understand their roles in permanent supported housing. Critical Time Intervention and Assertive Community Treatment are examined in terms of key elements, how they assist in ending homelessness, as well as the role they play in an individual's recovery from co-occurring disorders.

Methods: Participants in two supported housing programs were interviewed at baseline and 6 months.

Sustained fitness gains and variability in fitness trajectories in the long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli.

Many populations live in environments subject to frequent biotic and abiotic changes. Nonetheless, it is interesting to ask whether an evolving population's mean fitness can increase indefinitely, and potentially without any limit, even in a constant environment. A recent study showed that fitness trajectories of Escherichia coli populations over 50 000 generations were better described by a power-law model than by a hyperbolic model.

Development of a Measure of Housing and Housing Services.

The Housing Program Measure (HPM) was designed to document critical elements of a range of housing program types and associated services. Qualitative methods, including literature review and open-ended interviews, were used to determine pertinent HPM domains and to develop the pool of items. The measure was pre-tested, and reliability and validity analyses were applied to revise and strengthen the measure.

What makes a peer a peer?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to learn more about which characteristics are considered important for consumers to feel that a person is their peer.

Methods: Forty-one participants in a jail diversion program for veterans were asked to rate characteristics in terms of importance for acting in a peer support role. Differences by gender, combat exposure, trauma history, and mental health and substance abuse treatment were analyzed using t tests and Pearson correlations.

Mental health services expenditures among children placed in out-of-home care.

This study examined Florida Medicaid mental health expenditures for children in out-of-home care. Child welfare and Medicaid administrative databases were analyzed using two-part models to identify characteristics associated with expenditures. Mental health expenditures were higher for older children, boys, children who were abused or lost their caregivers, or with a longer length of stay in out-of-home care.

Outcomes of mandated treatment for women with histories of abuse and co-occurring disorders.

Although there is much momentum for behavioral health policies supporting mandated treatment, there is little evidence supporting its safety and effectiveness for individuals with complex issues. The authors used a national study of women with co-occurring psychiatric, substance use disorders and histories of trauma to compare mandated and voluntary treatment by examining psychiatric, substance use, and trauma-related outcomes following treatment. This quasi-experimental study included 2,726 women, with measures completed at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up.

Practice-based research network as a research training model for community/ambulatory pharmacy residents.

Objective: To describe our experience with a practice-based research training network (PBRTN) in a 1-year residency program.

Setting: Ohio State University in Columbus from 1997 to 2007.

Practice Description: The program includes two accredited postgraduate year 1 residencies and one postgraduate year 2 residency.

Assessment of factors influencing community pharmacy residents' pursuit of academic positions.

Objectives: To determine the percentage of residents accepting faculty positions following completion of a community pharmacy residency program (CPRP) and identify influences to pursue/not pursue an academic career.

Methods: CPRP directors and preceptors across the United States were contacted and 53 community pharmacy residents were identified. The residents were invited to participate in surveys at the beginning and end of the 2005-2006 residency year.

Consumer perceptions of integrated trauma-informed services among women with co-occurring disorders.

As part of a national, multi-site treatment outcome study, an instrument was designed to assess consumers' perceptions of key services integrating trauma, mental health, and substance abuse issues, the Consumer Perceptions of Care (CPC). This study evaluates the psychometric properties of this instrument and analyzes consumers' perceptions of the services they received. The results suggest that the measure has four factors: services integration, choice in services, trauma-informed assessment, and respect for cultural identity.

The role of coercion in the treatment of women with co-occurring disorders and histories of abuse.

Debate continues on issues of involuntary treatment for individuals with behavioral healthcare problems. Women with co-occurring disorders and histories of abuse are an especially vulnerable population. This study seeks to increase our knowledge about the experiences of coercion for women in the behavioral healthcare system.

The assessment of trauma history in women with co-occurring substance abuse and mental disorders and a history of interpersonal violence.

The Women, Co-occurring Disorders, and Violence Study (WCDVS) was a large (N = 2729) multisite study of the effectiveness of integrated and trauma-informed services for women with substance use and mental health disorders and a history of interpersonal violence (physical or sexual abuse). Study participants' exposure to lifetime and current traumatic events was assessed at baseline and follow-up via in-person interviews. This article describes the choice of the Life Stressor Checklist-Revised (LSC-R) to assess trauma history to meet the WCDVS's research aims and to respond to consumer input.

Outcomes of homeless adults with mental illness in a housing program and in case management only.

Objective: The effectiveness of two types of service programs in ameliorating homelessness among individuals with severe mental illness was compared.

Methods: Homeless persons with severe mental illness were recruited into the study on their entry into one of two types of homeless service programs. The first was a comprehensive housing program, in which consumers received guaranteed access to housing, housing support services, and case management.