Effects of dipyrone on the digestive tract.

Dipyrone (metamizole), acting through its main metabolites 4-methyl-amino-antipyrine and 4-amino-antipyrine, has established analgesic, antipyretic, and spasmolytic pharmacological effects, which are mediated by poorly known mechanisms. In rats, intravenously administered dipyrone delays gastric emptying (GE) of liquids with the participation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibers. This effect seems to be mediated by norepinephrine originating from the sympathetic nervous system but not from the superior celiac-mesenteric ganglion complex, which activates β2-adrenoceptors.

Dipyrone in association with atropine inhibits the effect on gastric emptying induced by hypoglycemia in rats.

Atropine (AT) and dipyrone (Dp) induce a delay of gastric emptying (GE) of liquids in rats by inhibiting muscarinic receptors and activating β2-adrenergic receptors, respectively. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of pretreatment with AT and Dp, given alone or in combination, on the effect of hypoglycemia in the liquid GE in rats. Male Wistar adult rats (280-310 g) were pretreated intravenously with AT, Dp, AT plus Dp or their vehicle and then treated 30 min later with iv insulin or its vehicle (n=8-10 animals/group).

Effect of selective β-adrenoceptor blockade and surgical resection of the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex on delayed liquid gastric emptying induced by dipyrone, 4-aminoantipyrine, and antipyrine in rats.

There is evidence for participation of peripheral β-adrenoceptors in delayed liquid gastric emptying (GE) induced in rats by dipyrone (Dp), 4-aminoantipyrine (AA), and antipyrine (At). The present study aimed to determine whether β-adrenoceptors are involved in delayed GE induced by phenylpyrazole derivatives and the role of the prevertebral sympathetic nervous system in this condition. Male Wistar rats weighing 220-280 g were used in the study.

The ontogeny of saliva secretion in infants and esophagoprotection.

Background: Several studies have reported that severe reflux esophagitis is rare in infants despite the well known high occurrence of regurgitation in early infancy. There is evidence of the importance of saliva for the pre-epithelial protection of the esophageal mucosa.

Results: A longitudinal study conducted on healthy infants indicated that the stimulated capacity of saliva secretion (saliva output per kg of body weight) was significantly higher during their first year of age compared to older children and adults.

Neural mechanisms and delayed gastric emptying of liquid induced through acute myocardial infarction in rats.

Background: In pathological situations, such as acute myocardial infarction, disorders of motility of the proximal gut can trigger symptoms like nausea and vomiting. Acute myocardial infarction delays gastric emptying (GE) of liquid in rats.

Objective: Investigate the involvement of the vagus nerve, α 1-adrenoceptors, central nervous system GABAB receptors and also participation of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in GE and gastric compliance (GC) in infarcted rats.

Evidence for the involvement of peripheral β-adrenoceptors in delayed liquid gastric emptying induced by dipyrone, 4-aminoantipyrine, and antipyrine in rats.

Dipyrone (Dp), 4-aminoantipyrine (AA), and antipyrine (At) delay liquid gastric emptying (GE) in rats. We evaluated adrenergic participation in this phenomenon in a study in male Wistar rats (250-300 g) pretreated subcutaneously with guanethidine (GUA), 100 mg·kg-1·day-1, or vehicle (V) for 2 days before experimental treatments. Other groups of animals were pretreated intravenously (iv) 15 min before treatment with V, prazosin (PRA; 1 mg/kg), yohimbine (YOH; 3 mg/kg), or propranolol (PRO; 4 mg/kg), or with intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of 25 µg PRO or V.

Gastric emptying of water in children with severe functional fecal retention.

The objective of this study was to evaluate gastric emptying (GE) in pediatric patients with functional constipation. GE delay has been reported in adults with functional constipation. Gastric emptying studies were performed in 22 children with chronic constipation, fecal retention and fecal incontinence, while presenting fecal retention and after resuming regular bowel movements.

Effect of baclofen on liquid and solid gastric emptying in rats.

Context: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter. There is evidence that GABA(B) receptors located in the dorsal complex and in afferent fibers of the vagus nerve participate in the control of gastrointestinal motility.

Objective: To assess the intracerebroventricularly (ICV) and intravenously (IV) effect of baclofen, a GABA(B) receptor agonist, on liquid and solid gastric emptying in rats.

Phenylpyrazolone derivatives inhibit gastric emptying in rats by a capsaicin-sensitive afferent pathway.

Dipyrone (Dp), 4-aminoantipyrine (AA) and antipyrine (At) administered iv and Dp administered icv delay gastric emptying (GE) in rats. The participation of capsaicin (Cps)-sensitive afferent fibers in this phenomenon was evaluated. Male Wistar rats were pretreated sc with Cps (50 mg/kg) or vehicle between the first and second day of life and both groups were submitted to the eye-wiping test.

Effect of an isolated mild to moderate ischemic brain injury in the gastric emptying of liquids in rats.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury over the gastric emptying of liquids in rats.

Methods: Fifty-two Wistar rats aged six weeks and weighing between 100 g and 150 g were divided in three groups. A Control group (C), a Sham group (S) undergoing sham procedure, and a Hypoxic-ischemic group (HI) consisting of 18 animals undergoing surgical ligature of the left carotid artery and exposure to hypoxic environment for three hours.

Effect of 4-aminoantipyrine on gastric compliance and liquid emptying in rats.

Dipyrone (Dp) delays gastric emptying (GE) in rats. There is no information about whether 4-aminoantipyrine (AA), one of its metabolites, has the same effect. The objectives of the present study were to assess the effects of AA and Dp on GE when administered intravenously (iv) and intracerebroventricularly (icv) (240 micromol/kg and 4 micromol/animal, respectively) and on gastric compliance when administered iv (240 micromol/kg).

[The effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on the gastric emptying of rats: a pretreatment evaluation using Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)].

Background: There is evidence that nitric oxide plays a role in the decrease in gastric emptying induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of pretreatment with Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl to ester, one competitive inhibitor of the nitric oxide synthases, on the gastric emptying delay induced by lipopolysaccharide.

Material And Methods: Male Wistar rats, SPF, were used after 24 h fast and 1 h-water withdrawn.

Effect of antipyrine on the gastric emptying of liquid in rats.

Antipyrine (At) and dipyrone (Dp) delay gastric emptying (GE) in rats. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of intravenous (iv) and intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of At and Dp on the GE of liquid by rats. GE was assessed in male Wistar rats (5-10 in each group) 10 min after the icv or iv drug injection by measuring percent gastric retention (%GR) of a saline test meal labeled with phenol red 10 min after administration by gavage.

[Gastric emptying of liquids in rats submitted to acute myocardial infarction].

Gastric Emptying (GE) is food transition from the stomach to the upper small intestine. Haemodynamics changes modify gastric emptying and the gastroduodenal motor activity. Myocardial Infarction is a pathological condition in which there are haemodynamics changes.

Effect of different types of fundoplication on the gastric emptying of liquids and gastric compliance in rats.

Background/purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the early and late effects of partial fundoplication (PFp) and total fundoplication (TFp) on gastric emptying (GE) and on gastric compliance (GC) in rats.

Methods: One hundred fifty-nine male Wistar rats, 6 to 8 weeks of age and weighing 150 to 250 g underwent sham operation, PFp or TFp. They were randomly divided into early group (group E) and late group (group L), evaluated on the 7th and 28th postoperative days, respectively.

Gastric emptying in premature newborns with acute respiratory distress.

Objectives: The authors hypothesized that acute respiratory distress (ARD) delays gastric emptying. The objective was to test this hypothesis by assessing gastric emptying on the second and seventh days of life in premature infants with ARD resulting from pulmonary disease.

Methods: Thirty-nine newborns with ARD starting on the first day of life were selected and paired with 39 healthy control newborns matched by weight (within 250 g).

Effect of the GABAB agonist baclofen on dipyrone-induced delayed gastric emptying in rats.

Dipyrone administered intravenously (iv) or intracerebroventricularly (icv) delays gastric emptying (GE) in rats. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most potent inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of icv baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist, on delayed GE induced by dipyrone.

[The effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on the gastric emptying of rats: a pretreatment evaluation using dexamethasone and methylene blue].

Background: The nitric oxide might be a putative mediator of the decrease in gastric emptying induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide in rats.

Aim: For that, we evaluated the effect of the pretreatment intravenous with dexamethasone and methylene blue in the retardation process of gastric emptying induced by intravenous application of lipopolysaccharide in rats. Dexamethasone has been shown to inhibit the induction of NOS II (induced NO-synthase) while the methylene blue, that blocks the soluble guanylyl cyclase, inhibits nitric oxide synthases and, in addition, inactivates nitric oxide directly.

[Prolonged esophageal pH monitoring utilization in the diagnosis of pathologic reflux in neonates].

OBJECTIVES: To present indications and results of prolonged esophageal pH monitoring in diagnosing pathologic gastroesophageal reflux in newborns during their stay in the neonatal unit. METHODS: This retrospective descriptive-analytical study of 85 prolonged esophageal pH monitoring in neonates was performed, between October 1995 and March 1998, in a tertiary intensive care unity. A Digitrapper MKIII device, pH probes with one or two channels, and antimony electrodes were utilized.

Use of erythromycin for the treatment of severe chronic constipation in children.

The efficacy of erythromycin was assessed in the treatment of 14 children aged 4 to 13 years with refractory chronic constipation, and presenting megarectum and fecal impaction. A double-blind, placebo- controlled, crossover study was conducted at the Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital. The patients were randomized to receive placebo for 4 weeks followed by erythromycin estolate, 20 mg kg-1 day-1, divided into four oral doses for another 4 weeks, or vice versa.

Evidence of the effect of dipyrone on the central nervous system as a determinant of delayed gastric emptying observed in rats after its administration.

Dipyrone administered intravenously (iv) delays gastric emptying (GE) in rats. The objectives of the present study were to assess: 1) the effect of the dose of dipyrone and time after its iv administration on GE in rats, 2) the effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (VgX) and bilateral electrolytic lesion of the paraventricular nucleus (PVNX) on the delayed GE induced by the drug, and 3) the intracerebroventricular (icv) action of dipyrone and of one of its metabolites, 4-aminoantipyrine on GE. Male Wistar rats received saline labeled with phenol red intragastrically as a test meal.

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome: biochemical defects and follow up in three cases.

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome is a rare disorder that consists of congenital ichthyosis and neurological symptoms due to an enzymatic defect of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase in the fatty alcohol cycle. We report three cases of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome in which the primary biochemical defect was established in two patients (patient 2: 175 pmol/min/mg; patient 3: 103 pmol/min/mg protein enzimatic activity in fibroblasts in skin, while normal controls were 8,860 +/- 1,624, n: 22 ). A dietary program was proposed: reduced total fatty intake at 30% of total calories, n-3 and n-6 acids (canola oil) as well as unsaturated fatty acids (Milupan milk).

Effects of adrenalectomy and adrenal enucleation on liquid gastric emptying in rats.

The effects of adrenalectomy and adrenal enucleation on liquid gastric emptying were studied in male Wistar rats that were adrenalectomized, adrenal enucleated (AE) or sham operated (SH). The animals in the first group had free access to a 1% NaCl solution (ADS), while the animals in the second and third groups were divided into two subgroups, which ingested either tap water (AEW, SHW) or 1% NaCl solution (AES, SHS). The gastric emptying study was performed on the 16th post-operative day.

[Gastric emptying of sugar solutions and cow's milk with and without carbohydrates in adult rats].

In this study, we determined the gastric retentions in rats of aqueous solutions or cow's milk containing different compositions of sugars. The following meals were tested: 1. aqueous solutions containing one sugar at 10% (lactose, sucrose or maltose), or 2.

Effect of toxin-g from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom on gastric emptying in rats.

The effect of toxin-gamma from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom on the gastric emptying of liquids was studied in 176 young adult male Wistar rats (2-3 months of age) divided into subgroups of 8 animals each. Toxin-gamma was injected i.v.