The cochlear nerve in Meniere's disease.

Cochlear nerves of 11 patients with advanced Meniere's disease were studied by light and electron microscopy. All the nerves appeared normal on light microscopy. In cross sections, the density of myelinated nerve fibers was approximately 20,000 fibers per square millimeter in most cases.

The combined toxicity of technical grade xylene and ethanol in the rat.

1. Inhalation exposure to xylene of technical grade (300 p.p.

Changes in mitochondrial lipids of rat kidney during ischemia.

Lipid changes in mitochondria isolated from rat kidney after various periods of ischemia were analysed by thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. Free fatty acids were increased at 30 min and more so thereafter. Total phospholipid fatty acids decreased steadily.

Neuroglial tissue in human eighth nerve specimens.

One hundred eighty nerve biopsy specimens from patients with eighth nerve tumors or other vertiginous diseases requiring vestibular neurectomy were studied. In many specimens light microscopy revealed pale areas among the myelinated nerve fibers in the neurolemmal portion of the eighth nerve. Electron microscopy showed that these were ectopic areas of glial tissue consisting of bundles of numerous cytoplasmic processes of fibrous astrocytes.

Artifacts in eighth cranial nerve biopsy.

The occurrence of artifactual morphological changes was investigated in human eighth nerve biopsies and corresponding changes were brought about in biopsies from rats by mechanical handling before fixation. At the very site of compression by a pair of forceps the biopsy stained lighter than in its immediate surroundings. Electron microscopy showed denuded and fragmented axons among vesicular debris in the area.

Effects of intermittent styrene inhalation, ethanol intake and their combination on drug biotransformation in rat liver and kidneys.

The modifying effects of daily ethanol ingestion in the drinking water as a 15 % solution (v/v) on drug biotransformational changes induced by inhalation exposure to styrene (300 ppm or 1260 mg/m3, 6 h daily, 5 d/week, up to 17 weeks) were studied in rat liver and kidney. The drug hydroxylation activities (7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and 2,5-diphenyloxazole hydroxylase) both in liver and in kidneys were increased more by ethanol ingestion than by styrene inhalation. When administered in combination, styrene and ethanol exerted mostly an additive enhancing effect.

Immunohistochemical identification of renal lysozyme during allograft rejection in man.

An immunoperoxidase staining method was used to identify lysozyme in biopsy or transplantectomy specimens of human renal allografts during reversible and irreversible rejection of the grafts. Proximal tubules in apparently functioning nephrons showed lysozyme staining. In irreversibly rejected grafts, infiltrating mononuclear phagocytes in and near peritubular and glomerular capillaries also stained intensely for lysozyme.

Vestibular sensory epithelium in Meniere's disease.

Utricle and horizontal semicircular canal ampulla removed during labyrinthectomy from 11 patients with advanced Meniere's disease were studied under light and electron microscope. In light microscopy the epithelium of both sensory areas appeared fairly normal. Many sensory cells revealed fluid-filled crescents at the nucleus and many cells were extensively vacuolated.

Functional and histological findings in acoustic neuroma.

27 patients with acoustic neuroma were operated on by translabyrinthine tumor removal. At operation 8th nerve compartments were identified and removed for study. Results of the audiological test battery and vestibular tests were compared with histological state of the nerve specimens studied.

Histological grading of transitional cell tumours of the bladder. Value of histological grading (WHO) in prognosis.

Mortality among 139 patients with transitional cell tumour of the bladder was studied. Tumours were reevaluated according to the grading system recommended by WHO. The absolute 5-year survival of histologically benign papilloma cases was 68%, of grade I carcinoma cases 64%, of grade II carcinoma cases 42% and of grade III carcinoma patients 34%.

Selective vitamin B12 malabsorption with proteinuria. Renal biopsy study.

Percutaneous renal biopsy were performed on 5 patients with selective vitamin B12 malabsorption of whom 3 had proteinuria. Light microscopy showed slight prominence of the mesangial areas but otherwise the findings were normal. Electron microscopy showed increased mesangial matrix, thickening of the basement membrane at the mesangial areas and dark mesangial deposit.

Menière's disease: morphological findings in eighth nerve and vestibular end organs.

37 patients with advanced Menière's disease were operated on by translabyrinthine 8th nerve neurectomy or middle fossa vestibular neurectomy. Cochlear and vestibular nerves, epithelia of the utricular macula and ampullar crista of horizontal canal were studied. All specimens were fairly well preserved and the microscopic studies suggested that there is no general deterioration of these structures even in long-standing, advanced Menière's disease, but some minor deviations from normal are present in individual cells.

Electron microscopy of nephropathia epidemica cell nuclei in kidney biopsies.

Ultrastructural changes in cell nuclei were studied in kidney biopsies from 18 patients suffering from Nephropathia epidemica. Three patients showed small nuclear particles in a large aggregate in a few cells of the distal tubule. The particles had a diameter of about 30 nm and their occurrence was not associated with intravenous glucose infusions.

Cochlear nerve in neurilemomas. Audiology and histopathology.

Correlative data between the histopathologic changes in the cochlear nerve and audiologic findings are reported in 16 cases of neurilemomas. Poor speech discrimination, positive or absent recruitment, excessive adaptation, or separation of forward vs reverse continuous tone Bekesy tracings did not correlate with the number of preserved nerve fibers. There were several cases with profound hearing loss in which the nerve fiber population approached normal.

Eighth nerve in acoustic neuromas. Special reference to superior vestibular nerve function and histopathology.

Eighth nerve specimens were removed during acoustic neuroma surgery, and findings were related to cochlear and especially to superior vestibular nerve function as studied by conventional caloric testing in 21 cases. The origin of the tumor was in eight cases the inferior and in two cases the superior vestibular nerve, and in eight cases the vestibular nerve without more specific localization. In three advanced cases the exact site of origin could not be determined.

Electron microscopy of exfoliated cells of human oral mucosa.

Exfoliated cells of the human buccal mucosa were studied in 35 adults. All cells showed signs of necrosis: condensation of nuclear chromatin, dilated mitochondria with flocculent densities, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes detached from the endoplasmic membranes, aggregates of degenerated organelles in the cytoplasm, and discontinuity of nuclear and plasma membranes. Desmosomes were preserved in cells exfoliated in groups, but in single cells the former sites of desmosomes were only occasionally identified.

Hereditary fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva with varying penetrance and expressivity.

A kindred affected with hereditary fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva with varying penetrance and expressivity is described. Most of the affected members were short in stature. The pedigree strongly suggested an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.

Viral culture and electron microscopy of ganglion cells in Meniere's disease and Bell's palsy.

Specimens of Scarpa's ganglion during vestibular neurectomy were obtained in 6 cases of Meniere's disease and specimens of geniculate ganglion in 2 cases of total facial nerve decompression and studied by tissue culture methods for detection of possible herpes and cytomegalovirus infection. In electron microscopy inclusions in the form of interwoven yarn-like structures, coarse aggregates of chromatin and light nuclear bodies were found in several vestibular ganglion cells. No typical herpes virus virions could be demonstrated.

Familial syndrome with panhypopituitarism, hypoplasia of the hypophysis, and poorly developed sella turcica.

Two sisters who died at the age of 2.5 years and 5 weeks are described. Both showed signs of panhypopituitarism.

Renal sequelae to nephropathia epidemica.

Clinical data and renal biopsy findings were studied in 9 patients 4-5 years after the acute phase of Nephropathia epidemica. Laboratory data suggested slightly depressed tubular function, but glomerular function was normal. Light microscopy of renal biopsy specimens showed slight residual interstitial fibrosis and occasionally atrophic tubuli, tubular casts, increased number of hyalinized glomeruli, and minor changes in other glomeruli.

Electron microscopy of nephropathia epidemica. Renal tubular basement membrane.

Tubular basement membranes in kidney biopsies from 18 patients with nephropathia epidemica were studied by electron microscopy. Both in the cortex and in the medulla there was splitting of the basement membrane. Thickened basement membrane around occasional tubules contained membrane vesicles, usually empty but also with a core and a diameter of approximately 180 nm.

Pathologic features of the cochlear nerve in profound deafness.

Cochlear nerves transected in the internal meatus were studied in six totally deaf ears and in one ear with profound deafness. In five ears deafness had followed surgical procedures in the oval window, in one it was the result of a mumps infection, and one was probably due to a virus infection or a vascular lesion. In four cases there was no great reduction in the nerve fiber population and the ultrastructure appeared normal.

Hereditary gingival hyperplasia and physical maturation.

In a family with eight children, six of the children suffered from gingival hyperplasia. Dental age was determined for five of the affected children. In four it was retarded in relation to chronologic age, but within normal limits.