Mental health and well-being in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic among different population subgroups: evidence from representative longitudinal data in Germany.

Objectives: To examine potential deteriorations in mental health and well-being in the first COVID-19 pandemic year compared with the previous decade focusing on the following vulnerable subgroups in Germany: women with minor children in the household, those living without a partner, younger and older adults, those in a precarious labour market situation, immigrants and refugees, and those with pre-existing physical or mental health risks.

Design: Analyses of secondary longitudinal survey data using cluster-robust pooled ordinary least squares models.

Participants: More than 20 000 individuals (aged 16+ years) in Germany.