Macrophages and nociceptor neurons form a sentinel unit around fenestrated capillaries to defend the synovium from circulating immune challenge.

A wide variety of systemic pathologies, including infectious and autoimmune diseases, are accompanied by joint pain or inflammation, often mediated by circulating immune complexes (ICs). How such stimuli access joints and trigger inflammation is unclear. Whole-mount synovial imaging revealed PV1 fenestrated capillaries at the periphery of the synovium in the lining-sublining interface.

Profiling immune cell tissue niches in the spatial -omics era.

Immune responses require complex, spatially coordinated interactions between immune cells and their tissue environment. For decades, we have imaged tissue sections to visualize a limited number of immune-related macromolecules in situ, functioning as surrogates for cell types or processes of interest. However, this inevitably provides a limited snapshot of the tissue's immune landscape.

Neutrophil extracellular traps protect the kidney from ascending infection and are required for a positive leukocyte dipstick test.

Lower urinary tract infection (UTI) is common but only rarely complicated by pyelonephritis. However, the mechanisms preventing extension to the kidney are unclear. Here, we identified neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in healthy human urine that provide an antibacterial defense strategy within the urinary tract.

Venous-plexus-associated lymphoid hubs support meningeal humoral immunity.

There is increasing interest in how immune cells in the meninges-the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord-contribute to homeostasis and disease in the central nervous system. The outer layer of the meninges, the dura mater, has recently been described to contain both innate and adaptive immune cells, and functions as a site for B cell development. Here we identify organized lymphoid structures that protect fenestrated vasculature in the dura mater.

Tumour-retained activated CCR7 dendritic cells are heterogeneous and regulate local anti-tumour cytolytic activity.

Tumour dendritic cells (DCs) internalise antigen and upregulate CCR7, which directs their migration to tumour-draining lymph nodes (dLN). CCR7 expression is coupled to an activation programme enriched in regulatory molecule expression, including PD-L1. However, the spatio-temporal dynamics of CCR7 DCs in anti-tumour immune responses remain unclear.

Rapid functional impairment of natural killer cells following tumor entry limits anti-tumor immunity.

Immune cell dysfunction within the tumor microenvironment (TME) undermines the control of cancer progression. Established tumors contain phenotypically distinct, tumor-specific natural killer (NK) cells; however, the temporal dynamics, mechanistic underpinning and functional significance of the NK cell compartment remains incompletely understood. Here, we use photo-labeling, combined with longitudinal transcriptomic and cellular analyses, to interrogate the fate of intratumoral NK cells.

Incidence, risk factors and outcomes of checkpoint inhibitor-induced liver injury: A 10-year real-world retrospective cohort study.

Background & Aims: Checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) account for increasing numbers of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) cases. We aimed to determine the incidence rate and risk factors associated with checkpoint inhibitor-induced liver injury (ChILI).

Methods: Prescription event monitoring was performed on all melanoma and renal cancer patients who received CPI at a tertiary centre between 2011 and 2021.

Endoscopic surveillance with systematic random biopsy for the early diagnosis of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: a prospective 16-year longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, generally caused by germline pathogenic variants in CDH1, presents with early-onset signet ring cell carcinoma. Prophylactic total gastrectomy is the definitive treatment. Endoscopic surveillance can inform the timing of prophylactic total gastrectomy through detection of microscopic signet ring cell carcinoma foci.

Bromodomain Inhibitors Modulate FcγR-Mediated Mononuclear Phagocyte Activation and Chemotaxis.

IgG antibodies form immune complexes (IC) that propagate inflammation and tissue damage in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. IgG IC engage Fcγ receptors (FcγR) on mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), leading to widespread changes in gene expression that mediate antibody effector function. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are involved in governing gene transcription.

Phenotypic and functional characterization of first-trimester human placental macrophages, Hofbauer cells.

Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are a population of macrophages found in high abundance within the stroma of the first-trimester human placenta. HBCs are the only fetal immune cell population within the stroma of healthy placenta. However, the functional properties of these cells are poorly described.