Reactions of a Prototypical Phenolic Antioxidant with Radicals in Polyethylene: Insights from Density Functional Theory.

Phenolic antioxidants are widely used to prevent oxidation, which is the main degradation process for many polymers, in particular polyolefins among which polyethylene is the most employed one. Although it is generally understood that one of the main mechanisms by which phenolic antioxidants prevent or slow down oxidation is by deactivating radicals and preventing the formation of alkyl radicals, detailed understanding at the atomic scale of the hierarchy of radical reactions is still lacking. Here, we investigate the interaction of a prototypical phenolic antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), with radicals in a polyethylene model by means of static and dynamic simulations based on density functional theory.

Effectiveness and safety of belantamab mafodotin in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma in real-world setting: The ALFA study.

Objectives: The aim of this noninterventional, retrospective ALFA study was to describe belantamab mafodotin effectiveness and safety in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma in a real-world setting in France.

Methods: Response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety were assessed.

Results: Among the 184 patients initiating belantamab mafodotin treatment, the overall response rate was 32.

Survival outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma in France: A retrospective cohort study using the Système National des Données de Santé national healthcare database.

Objective: Evaluate the overall survival (OS) of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) at different treatment stages in France.

Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study used data from the French National Health Insurance database to study patients with MM (diagnosis 2013-2019). Patient outcomes included OS (all-cause mortality), time-to-next treatment (TTNT), and duration of therapy (DoT) from initial diagnosis, the start of different lines of therapy (LOTs), triple-class exposure (TCE), and subsequent treatment following TCE.

Consequences of Radiothermal Ageing on the Crystalline Morphology of Additive-Free Silane-Crosslinked Polyethylene.

The radiothermal ageing of silane-crosslinked low-density PE (Si-XLPE) films was studied in the air under three different γ dose rates (8.5, 77.8, and 400 Gy·h) at a low temperature close to ambient (47, 47, and 21 °C, respectively).

Assessing the treatment pattern, health care resource utilisation, and economic burden of multiple myeloma in France using the Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS) database: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Real-world data on health care resource utilisation (HCRU) and costs for French patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are limited due to the quickly evolving MM treatment landscape. This retrospective, national-level study quantified the MM economic burden in France.

Methods: The study included patients with newly diagnosed MM from the Système National des Données de Santé coverage claims database between 2013 and 2018 who received active treatment within 30 days of diagnosis.

A New Kinetic Modeling Approach for Predicting the Lifetime of ATH-Filled Silane Cross-Linked Polyethylene in a Nuclear Environment.

This study focuses on the degradation of a silane cross-linked polyethylene (Si-XLPE) matrix filled with three different contents of aluminum tri-hydrate (ATH): 0, 25, and 50 phr. These three materials were subjected to radiochemical ageing at three different dose rates (8.5, 77.

Humid and Thermal Oxidative Ageing of Radiation Cured Polymers-A Brief Overview.

This article deals with the long-term behaviour of radiation cured polymers. Among the wide variety of possible ageing modes, the attention is focused on two key processes for users of radio-cured polymers: humid ageing of polymer glasses and thermal oxidative ageing of rubbers. These two processes are illustrated by numerous results coming from literature or our own research works.

Towards a Kinetic Modeling of the Changes in the Electrical Properties of Cable Insulation during Radio-Thermal Ageing in Nuclear Power Plants. Application to Silane-Crosslinked Polyethylene.

The radio-thermal ageing of silane-crosslinked polyethylene (Si-XLPE) was studied in air under different γ dose rates (6.0, 8.5, 77.

Atomic Scale Mechanisms Controlling the Oxidation of Polyethylene: A First Principles Study.

Understanding the degradation mechanisms of aliphatic polymers by thermal oxidation and radio-oxidation is very important in order to assess their lifetime in a variety of industrial applications. We focus here on polyethylene as a prototypical aliphatic polymer. Kinetic models describing the time evolution of the concentration of chain defects and radicals species in the material identify a relevant step in the formation and subsequent decomposition of transient hydroperoxides species, finally leading to carbonyl defects, in particular ketones.

A budget impact analysis comparing a Hydrofiber® ; dressing to an alginate dressing in managing exuding venous leg ulcers in France.

An Excel model was developed to compare total costs (including primary and secondary dressings only) of Hydrofiber(®) ; dressing (2010 branded price) versus an alginate dressing (generic or branded price) in managing exuding venous leg ulcers considering mean wear time and mean duration of exudate management phase, from the French Social Security perspective over 5 years (2011-2015). Budget impact (based on prevalence of venous leg ulcers in France) was estimated as the difference between scenario 1 (Hydrofiber(®) ; versus alginate dressing usage proportion increasing slightly per year) and Scenario2 (proportion remaining at 2010 levels). Annual costs and net savings per patient for the dressings were calculated in analyses 1 and 2.

Modelling the budget impact of darunavir in the treatment of highly treatment-experienced, HIV-infected adults in France.

Background: A key element for payers in the assessment of the economic profile of a medication is its anticipated impact on the evolution of healthcare budgets.

Objectives: To forecast the impact of the use of darunavir with low-dose ritonavir 600/100 mg twice a day (bid) in highly treatment-experienced, HIV-infected adults who have failed one or more protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimen on the budget of the French Sickness Fund (French healthcare system) over a 3-year time horizon.

Methods: A transition state model based on disease severity was developed that compared the evolution of antiretroviral and non-antiretroviral-related direct costs of care in the target population over 3 years (2007-2009) under two scenarios: (1) darunavir enters the French market in year 1; (2) darunavir is not available to the target population during 2007-2009.

The cost of managing HIV infection in highly treatment-experienced, HIV-infected adults in France.

Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has greatly enhanced HIV management, lowering the risk of clinical disease progression and death by substantially improving HIV-induced immune deficiency. Lower CD4 cell counts have consistently been associated with higher direct costs of HIV patient care. The aim of this study was to analyze HIV costs of care in France at different levels of HIV-induced immune deficiency (as measured by the CD4 cell count) using recent data from treatment-experienced patients.

Inpatient costs of endophthalmitis evaluated for the whole of France.

Background: Endophthalmitis is a severe condition that requires hospitalization with at least day care. Information on the incidence rate, costs and consequences of endophthalmitis is scarce.

Objective: To estimate the number of patients with endophthalmitis hospitalized in France, as well as the average costs and hospital budget consequences.

Cost-effectiveness of atorvastatin in the prevention of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients: a French adaptation of CARDS.

Introduction: We estimated the cost-effectiveness of atorvastatin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes using data from the Collaborative AtoRvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS).

Methods: A total of 2838 patients aged 40-75 years with type 2 diabetes and no documented history of cardiovascular disease and without elevated low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol were recruited in the UK and in Ireland. Patients were randomly allocated to atorvastatin 10mg daily (n=1428) or placebo (n=1410) and were followed up for a median of 3.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of vaccination against rotavirus with RIX4414 in France.

Background: It is estimated that annually 300 000 cases of rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis (RVGE) occur in children aged up to 5 years in France. A two-dose vaccine against rotavirus infection (RIX4414; Rotarix, GlaxoSmithKline), has been shown to be highly effective against severe RVGE.

Objective: This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of general vaccination against rotavirus using RIX4414 in France.

[Cost/effectiveness analysis of adjuvant therapy with trastuzumab in patients with HER2 positive early breast cancer].

Trastuzumab (Herceptin), a recombinant, humanised, monoclonal-antibody that targets human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), has been approved as an adjuvant therapy for HER2-positive early breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of this treatment compared with adjuvant therapy alone in the French setting. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using a Markov state transition model.

Estimated annual costs of prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolic events associated with major orthopedic surgery in France.

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) remains a major complication following orthopedic surgery despite heparin prophylaxis. Clinical consequences associated with this complication are deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, and long-term consequences of DVT, especially Postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). The purpose of the present study was to estimate the annual direct costs of VTE following major orthopedic surgery of the lower limb in France.

Hepatitis B management costs in France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

Goals: To estimate the costs associated with the management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and its sequelae in France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom from the perspective of the healthcare payer.

Background: The World Health Organization estimates that the disease sequelae related to hepatitis B account for 1 million deaths annually worldwide. Northern Europe is a low endemic area, while Mediterranean regions are classified as intermediate endemic areas.

The Bali bombing: civilian aeromedical evacuation.

After the Bali bombing on 12 October 2002, many injured Australians required evacuation to Darwin, and then to burns units around Australia. Many patients were evacuated from Denpasar by Qantas, with assistance from staff of civilian medical retrieval services. The transport of patients from Darwin to specialist burns units involved a coordinated response of civilian and military services.