Evaluating the outcome of screening for glaucoma using colour fundus photography-based referral criteria in a teleophthalmology screening programme for diabetic retinopathy.

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of glaucoma screening using glaucoma suspect (GS) referral criteria assessed on colour fundus photographs in Singapore's Integrated Diabetic Retinopathy Programme (SiDRP).

Methods: A case-control study. This study included diabetic subjects who were referred from SiDRP with and without GS between January 2017 and December 2018 and reviewed at Singapore National Eye Centre.

Generalized metabolic flux analysis framework provides mechanism-based predictions of ophthalmic complications in type 2 diabetes patients.

Unlabelled: Chronic metabolic diseases arise from changes in metabolic fluxes through biomolecular pathways and gene networks accumulated over the lifetime of an individual. While clinical and biochemical profiles present just real-time snapshots of the patients' health, efficient computation models of the pathological disturbance of biomolecular processes are required to achieve individualized mechanistic insights into disease progression. Here, we describe the Generalized metabolic flux analysis (GMFA) for addressing this gap.

Recent Advances in Clinical Applications of Imaging in Retinal Diseases.

Many diseases that cause visual impairment, as well as systemic conditions, manifest in the posterior segment of the eye. With the advent of high-speed, high-resolution, reliable, and noninvasive imaging techniques, ophthalmologists are becoming more dependent on ocular imaging for disease diagnosis, classification, and management in clinical practice. There are rapid advances on the indications of multimodal retinal imaging techniques, including the application of ultra-widefield fundus angiography, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography, as well as optical coherence tomography angiography.

Evolution of Polypoidal Lesions after Treatment of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the status and evolution of polypoidal lesions during the course of treatment of patients with symptomatic macular polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Design: Comparative cohort study of randomly selected patients from a multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial.

Participants: Thirty randomly selected patients from the EVEREST II study who were treated with combination ranibizumab and verteporfin photodynamic therapy (n = 15) or ranibizumab monotherapy (n = 15).

PREDICTORS AND IMPORTANCE OF COMPLETE POLYPOIDAL LESION REGRESSION IN THE EVEREST II STUDY: Predictors of Polyp Regression in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the predictors of complete polypoidal lesion regression (CPREG) in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Methods: Post hoc analysis of EVEREST II-a 24-month, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of 322 patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, randomized to receive ranibizumab with or without photodynamic therapy. Images of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were graded by a central reading center.

Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (nAMD): A Review of Emerging Treatment Options.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a common world-wide cause of visual loss. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents are an effective means to treat nAMD and reduce its impact on vision compared to either sham treatment or photodynamic therapy. Currently, the approved anti-VEGF drugs include ranibizumab, aflibercept and brolucizumab.

Assessment of the Macular Microvasculature in High Myopes With Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography.

The risk of pathologic myopia (PM) increases with worsening myopia and may be related to retinal microvasculature alterations. To evaluate this, we analyzed the macular microvasculature of myopes with swept source-optical coherence tomographic angiography (SS-OCTA) in adolescent and young adult Singaporeans. This is a prevalent case-control study including 93 young Chinese from the Strabismus, Amblyopia and Refractive error in Singaporean children (STARS, = 45) study and the Singapore Cohort Study of Risk Factors for Myopia (SCORM, = 48) studies.

Comparison of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Lesion Sizes Measured on Multicolor Imaging and Indocyanine Green Angiography.

Purpose: To evaluate the areas of lesion components of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) measured using multicolor imaging compared to indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).

Methods: In a prospective study of 50 consecutive treatment-naïve PCV patients, multicolor imaging and ICGA were performed. The images were independently graded by reading center-certified retinal specialists to confirm the diagnosis of PCV and identify lesion components.

Predictors of persistent disease activity following anti-VEGF loading dose for nAMD patients in Singapore: the DIALS study.

Background: To determine the frequency of persistent disease activity following 3 loading doses of anti- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents, and the anatomic and demographic predictors of early persistent disease activity among patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods: In a retrospective real-world cohort study, 281 consecutive patients with nAMD were reviewed at baseline and after 3 anti-VEGF injections for pre-defined indicators of disease activity. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) features such as subretinal fluid, intraretinal cysts and intraretinal fluid were assessed by reading-center certified graders.

Comparison of Ranibizumab With or Without Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: The EVEREST II Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The 2-year efficacy and safety of combination therapy of ranibizumab administered together with verteporfin photodynamic therapy (vPDT) compared with ranibizumab monotherapy in participants with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) are unclear.

Objective: To compare treatment outcomes of ranibizumab, 0.5 mg, plus prompt vPDT combination therapy with ranibizumab, 0.

Use of Smartphones to Detect Diabetic Retinopathy: Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common complication of diabetes mellitus, is the leading cause of impaired vision in adults worldwide. Smartphone ophthalmoscopy involves using a smartphone camera for digital retinal imaging. Utilizing smartphones to detect DR is potentially more affordable, accessible, and easier to use than conventional methods.

Comparing efficacy of reduced-fluence and standard-fluence photodynamic therapy in the treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Background: The EVEREST II study reported superior polyp closure rates and visual outcomes using combination standard photodynamic therapy (PDT) with intravitreal ranibizumab in the treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). The optimal PDT protocol remains controversial and it is postulated that less intensive PDT strategies may reduce complications. We aimed to compare the efficacy of reduced and standard-fluence PDT.

Wide-field angiography in retinal vein occlusions.

Background: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy. It can result in significant visual loss from complications like macula edema, retinal and iris neovascularization, and vitreous hemorrhage. Recently, ultra-widefield imaging (UWF) has been developed for posterior pole visualization and has shown to be useful in the evaluation and treatment of RVO.

Multicolor Fundus Imaging of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy.

Purpose: Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a variant of neovascular age-related macular degeneration with distinct phenotypes, treatment, and visual prognosis. Multicolor imaging is a novel noninvasive imaging method that enables visualization of structures located at different layers of the retina and may be useful in detecting features of diseases. The features of PCV seen on multicolor imaging have not been studied.

EVEREST study report 4: Fluorescein angiography features predictive of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Importance: It is important to identify features of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) that differentiate it from typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) on various imaging modalities, including fluorescein angiography (FA).

Background: PCV was thought to be indistinguishable from nAMD using FA alone. In real-world practice, indocyanine-green angiography may often be unavailable or contraindicated.