A Study of the SIRS with severely traumatized patients.

Clinical research has revealed that traumatized patients often elevate feigning indicators on psychological measures, which raises the possibility that traumatization and concomitant dissociation may lead to misclassifications of malingering. Within the domain of feigned mental disorders, the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS; Rogers, Bagby, & Dickens, 1992) is a well established measure with excellent reliability and validity across clinical and forensic settings. Although recent studies have demonstrated its effectiveness with outpatient posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) samples, the SIRS usefulness with severely traumatized patients remains to be investigated.

Enhanced atherothrombotic formation after oxidative injury by FeCl3 to the common carotid artery in severe combined hyperlipidemic mice.

Unlabelled: Enhanced susceptibility to atherosclerosis from severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) resulting from lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency has been demonstrated in our recent findings which employed a unique mouse model. In the present study we provide further evidence that severe HTG due to LPL deficiency also promotes an atherothrombotic response to arterial injury induced by ferric chloride in a severe combined hyperlipidemic mouse model.

Methods And Results: A mouse model (LPL(-/-)XApoE(-/-) double knockout, DKO) with severe combined hyperlipidemia was established by crossing ApoE and LPL-deficient mice.

Presynaptic defects underlying impaired learning and memory function in lipoprotein lipase-deficient mice.

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is predominantly expressed in adipose and muscle where it plays a crucial role in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich plasma lipoproteins. LPL is also expressed in the brain with highest levels found in the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, suggesting a possible role for LPL in the regulation of cognitive function. However, very little is currently known about the specific role of LPL in the brain.

Errors of logic and scholarship concerning dissociative identity disorder.

The author reviewed a two-part critique of dissociative identity disorder published in the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. The two papers contain errors of logic and scholarship. Contrary to the conclusions in the critique, dissociative identity disorder has established diagnostic reliability and concurrent validity, the trauma histories of affected individuals can be corroborated, and the existing prospective treatment outcome literature demonstrates improvement in individuals receiving psychotherapy for the disorder.

Case report: a convicted sex offender with dissociative identity disorder.

A case history is presented of a man with dissociative identity disorder who was convicted of aggravated sexual assault and sentenced to 99 years in prison. According to the assailant's host personality, the rape was committed by an alter personality who wanted to punish the host by getting caught and thereby causing the host to lose his family. The rape also appeared to be an undoing of an abduction at gunpoint the man had experienced at age 11.

A cross-cultural test of the trauma model of dissociation.

In order to test the trauma model of dissociation, the authors compared two samples with similar rates of reported childhood physical and sexual abuse: 502 members of the general population in Winnipeg, Canada, and 304 psychiatric outpatients at Shanghai Mental Health Center in Shanghai, China. There is virtually no popular or professional knowledge of dissociative identity disorder in China, and therefore professional and popular contamination cannot be operating. According to the trauma model, samples from different cultures with similar levels of trauma should report similar levels of dissociation.

Paraphilia from a dissociative perspective.

A dissociative structural model of the psyche can account for a wide range of symptoms across many DSM-IV categories, including sexual compulsions and addictions. The model leads to a distinct overall plan of treatment and a set of operationalized interventions aimed at integration of the self, rather than suppression of impulses. The model could be tested first in epidemiological studies and later in treatment outcome studies.

Family environment and adult attachment as predictors of psychopathology and personality dysfunction among inpatient abuse survivors.

The current study explored the role of early family environment and adult attachment style in explaining long-term outcomes among child abuse survivors. Adult patients (N = 80) in a trauma treatment program were assessed for clinical diagnosis and administered a multiscale questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analyses were significant for dissociative identity disorder (DID), substance abuse, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress, somatization, and six personality disorder dimensions.

Spontaneous atherosclerosis in aged lipoprotein lipase-deficient mice with severe hypertriglyceridemia on a normal chow diet.

Large-scale epidemiological studies have revealed a strong association between hypertriglyceridemia and coronary arteriosclerotic disease. However, there are conflicting reports whether the severe hypertriglyceridemia caused by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency is pro- or antiatherogenic. To determine the effect of LPL deficiency on atherosclerosis, we pursued long-term observation of the development of atherosclerotic lesions in an LPL gene deficient mouse model.

Genotypic approaches to therapy in children: a national active surveillance network (GATC) to study the pharmacogenomics of severe adverse drug reactions in children.

A striking failure of modern medicine is the debilitating and lethal consequences of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which rank as one of the top 10 leading causes of death and illness in the developed world with direct medical costs of 137-177 billion annually US dollars in the USA. Although many factors influence the effect of medications (e.g.

Pharmacogenomics and its implications for autoimmune disease.

A striking failure of modern medicine is the debilitating and lethal consequences of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) which rank as one of the top ten leading causes of death and illness in the developed world with direct medical costs of 137-177 billion US dollars annually in the USA. Although many factors influence the effect of medications (i.e.

Borderline personality disorder and dissociation.

This study examined the dissociative comorbidity reported by psychiatric inpatients with and without borderline personality disorder. The Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule and Dissociative Experiences Scale were administered to 201 general adult psychiatric inpatients; of these, 110 also received the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Dissociative Disorders. The patients were then divided into two groups--a group of 93 who met criteria for borderline personality disorder on the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule and 108 who did not.

Attachment, personality, and psychopathology among adult inpatients: self-reported romantic attachment style versus Adult Attachment Interview states of mind.

The present study examined self-reported romantic attachment style and Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) states of mind regarding early attachment relationships, personality dimensions, and psychopathology in a psychiatric sample of trauma survivors. Inpatients (N = 80) admitted to a hospital trauma treatment program were administered the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, AAI, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III, Dissociative Experiences Scale, and Dissociative Disorder Interview Schedule. Self-report and AAI attachment classifications were not related, and different results emerged for the two measures.

Expression of LPL in endothelial-intact artery results in lipid deposition and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 upregulation in both LPL and ApoE-deficient mice.

Objective: Overexpression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in deendothelialized artery led to profound localized lipid deposition. In this study the role of LPL in atherogenesis in endothelial-intact carotid arteries was assessed in genetically hyperlipidemic LPL- and ApoE-deficient mice.

Methods And Results: Human wild-type LPL (hLPLwt), catalytically inactive LPL (hLPL194), or control alkaline phosphatase (hAP) were expressed in endothelial-intact carotid arteries via adenoviral vectors.

Elevated plasma triglyceride levels precede amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease mouse models with abundant A beta in plasma.

Dietary or pharmacological manipulation of plasma lipids markedly influences amyloid deposition in animal models of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, it is not known whether baseline plasma lipids in AD models differ from wild-type littermates throughout the natural history of disease. To address this question, we measured plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels over time in three transgenic AD mouse models in the absence of dietary or pharmacological treatments.

Trauma and dissociation in China.

Objective: In order to determine whether pathological dissociation occurs in China, the authors conducted a survey among psychiatric inpatients, outpatients, and the general population in Shanghai, China. There is virtually no popular or professional knowledge of dissociative identity disorder in China, and therefore professional and popular contamination cannot exist.

Method: Chinese versions of the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule were administered to 423 inpatients, 304 outpatients, and 618 factory workers in Shanghai by Chinese psychiatrists working at the Shanghai Mental Health Center.

Dissociative experiences in China.

The Dissociative Experiences Scale was administered to a non-clinical sample in Shanghai, China (N = 618) and the results were compared with a previous sample of the general population from Winnipeg, Canada (N = 1055). The Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule was administered to the 618 Chinese participants and results were compared with those of the Canadian participants (N = 502). In addition, both measures were administered to a sample of Chinese psychiatric inpatients (N = 423) and outpatients (N = 304).

The sham ECT literature: implications for consent to ECT.

The author reviewed the placebo-controlled literature on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for depression. No study demonstrated a significant difference between real and placebo (sham) ECT at 1 month posttreatment. Many studies failed to find a difference between real and sham ECT even during the period of treatment.

Correction of feline lipoprotein lipase deficiency with adeno-associated virus serotype 1-mediated gene transfer of the lipoprotein lipase S447X beneficial mutation.

Human lipoprotein lipase (hLPL) deficiency, for which there currently exists no adequate treatment, leads to excessive plasma triglycerides (TGs), recurrent abdominal pain, and life-threatening pancreatitis. We have shown that a single intramuscular administration of adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 1 vector, encoding the human LPL(S447X) variant, results in complete, long-term normalization of dyslipidemia in LPL(/) mice. As a prelude to gene therapy for human LPL deficiency, we tested the efficacy of AAV1-LPL(S447X) in LPL(/) cats, which demonstrate hypertriglyceridemia (plasma TGs, >10,000 mg/dl) and clinical symptoms similar to LPL deficiency in humans, including pancreatitis.

Lipoprotein lipase S447X: a naturally occurring gain-of-function mutation.

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglycerides in the circulation and promotes the hepatic uptake of remnant lipoproteins. Since the gene was cloned in 1989, more than 100 LPL gene mutations have been identified, the majority of which cause loss of enzymatic function. In contrast to this, the naturally occurring LPL(S447X) variant is associated with increased lipolytic function and an anti-atherogenic lipid profile and can therefore be regarded as a gain-of-function mutation.

Hemorheological abnormalities in lipoprotein lipase deficient mice with severe hypertriglyceridemia.

Severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a metabolic disturbance often seen in clinical practice. It is known to induce life-threatening acute pancreatitis, but its role in atherogenesis remains elusive. Hemorheological abnormality was thought to play an important role in pathogenesis of both pancreatitis and atherosclerosis.

Childhood physical and sexual abuse in China.

In order to determine the prevalence and characteristics of childhood physical and sexual abuse in China, the authors conducted a survey in Shanghai. The Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule was administered to 423 inpatients and 304 outpatients at Shanghai Mental Health Center, and to a non-clinical sample of 618 workers at a clothing factory. The results were compared to a previous sample of 502 respondents in the general population in Winnipeg, Canada.