A European Consensus on the Consistent Use of the Term "Keratinocyte Cancer".

Keratinocyte-derived skin cancers comprise basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, its precursor actinic keratosis, and Bowen's disease. Historically, this group of neoplasms has been subsumed under the term non-melanoma skin cancer. However, the term non-melanoma skin cancer can be misleading and lacks precision.

Classifying real-world macroscopic images in the primary-secondary care interface using transfer learning: implications for development of artificial intelligence solutions using nondermoscopic images.

Background: The application of deep learning (DL) to diagnostic dermatology has been the subject of numerous studies, with some reporting skin lesion classification performance on curated datasets comparable to that of experienced dermatologists. Most skin disease images encountered in clinical settings are macroscopic, without dermoscopic information, and exhibit considerable variability. Further research is necessary to determine the generalizability of DL algorithms across populations and acquisition settings.

Review of the European Society for Photodynamic Therapy (Euro-PDT) Annual Congress 2020.

This article reviews the 2020 European Society for Photodynamic Therapy (Euro-PDT) Annual Congress. Cutting edge studies included assessment of immunohistochemical variables influencing response of basal cell carcinomas and Bowen's disease to PDT with p53, the only biomarker associated with good response in both conditions. A further study indicated that analysis of molecular markers, such as PIK3R1, could help select patients with actinic keratoses who demonstrate the best response to daylight PDT.

Diagnosis and treatment of basal cell carcinoma: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guidelines.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant tumour in white populations. Multidisciplinary experts from the European Dermatology Forum, the European Association of Dermato-Oncology and the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer collaborated to develop recommendations on diagnosis and treatment of BCC. A new classification into 'easy-to-treat (common) BCC and 'difficult-to-treat' BCC is proposed.

End-functional polyolefins for block copolymer synthesis.

Polyolefins that contain polar functionalities are highly desired because they could extend the range of applications of these low production cost materials by modifying surface and other interfacial properties. Block copolymers containing polyolefin and polar segments are among the most sought-after architectures because of their ability to span the phase boundaries. This review focusses on the end-functionalisation of polyolefins by catalytic olefin polymerisation processes, almost invariably by metal-catalysed routes, followed by the growth polar blocks by various polymerisation techniques.

Polyolefin-Polar Block Copolymers from Versatile New Macromonomers.

A new metallocene-based polymerization mechanism is elucidated in which a zirconium hydride center inserts α-methylstyrene at the start of a polymer chain. The hydride is then regenerated by hydrogenation to release a polyolefin containing a single terminal α-methylstyrenyl group. Through the use of the difunctional monomer 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene, this catalytic hydride insertion polymerization is applied to the production of linear polyethylene and ethylene-hexene copolymers containing an isopropenylbenzene end group.

Daylight Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratoses.

Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) using daylight is effective in the treatment of actinic keratoses (AKs), offering the potential for treatment of large fields such as full face and balding scalp, but with minimal therapy-associated pain. Comparison with conventional PDT indicates similar efficacy for thin and moderate-thickness AKs, but with significantly less discomfort/pain, driving a patient preference for daylight-mediated PDT (DL-PDT) compared with conventional PDT using high-intensity office/hospital-based light sources. Treatment protocol involves the application of a photosensitizing agent without occlusion and subsequent exposure to ambient daylight within 30 min, with patients exposed to daylight for 1.

A synthesis of the world's guidelines on photodynamic therapy for non-melanoma skin cancer.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), using topically administered photosensitizing agents, is widely approved as a treatment for certain nonmelanoma skin cancers. As a tissue-sparing non-surgical modality, there is great potential for PDT to enhance the choice of therapies available to treat, and potentially prevent, skin cancer. Treatment-specific guidelines have assessed the evidence for various photosensitizing agents and light sources, dosimetry, and evaluate reported adverse effects.

Cyclooxygenase in Cancer Prevention and Treatments for Actinic Keratosis.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a chemically diverse class of drugs that target the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. Elevated expression of COX-2 has been associated with tumor progression in skin cancer through multiple mechanisms. We present evidence for a chemoprotective effect of NSAIDs and discuss potential mechanisms of action of COX-2 in cancer.

The cost-effectiveness of 5-FU-SA in the treatment of actinic keratoses of the face and scalp in the UK secondary care setting.

Objective: The objective of this analysis was to estimate the relative cost-effectiveness of Actikerall (5-FU-SA) vs cryotherapy in a secondary care setting in the UK, for lesion-directed treatment in patients with actinic keratoses (AK) of the face and scalp.

Methods: The model was a simple decision tree, with a 6-month time horizon. The perspective was that of the UK National Health Service (NHS).

A consensus on the use of daylight photodynamic therapy in the UK.

Background: Actinic keratoses (AKs) are a consequence of chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Treatment of chronically photo-damaged skin and AKs is driven by risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma, as well as for symptomatic relief. Conventional photodynamic therapy (c-PDT) is indicated when AKs are multiple or confluent and if patients respond poorly or are unable to tolerate other therapies.

Low-Dose 0.5% 5-Fluorouracil/10% Salicylic Acid Topical Solution in the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses.

Background: Actinic keratosis (AK) lesions have the potential to develop into invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and approaches to treatment are evolving to try to reduce the burden of SCC.

Objective: To present the published clinical research surrounding the use of 0.5% 5-fluorouracil with 10% salicylic acid (low-dose 5-FU/SA) for the treatment of hyperkeratotic AKs.

15th Annual Congress of the European Society for Photodynamic Therapy in Barcelona, Spain, February 12-13th 2016.

Unlabelled: We provide a summary of the presentations made at the recent Euro-PDT annual Congress. Presentations covered developments in topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) pertaining to dermatological applications. Recognizing the high prevalence and chronicity of actinic keratosis, one of the approved indications for PDT, there were recommendations to pursue field therapy to treat clinical and preclinical lesions.

European Dermatology Forum Guidelines on topical photodynamic therapy.

Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a widely approved therapy for actinic keratoses, squamous cell carcinoma in-situ, superficial and certain thin basal cell carcinomas. Recurrence rates are typically equivalent to existing therapies, although inferior to surgery for nodular basal cell carcinoma. PDT can be used both as a lesional or as a field therapy and has the potential to delay/reduce the development of new lesions.

Update of the European guidelines for basal cell carcinoma management.

Background: European guidelines for the management of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) prepared by the former BCC subcommittee of the Guidelines Committee of the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) were published in 2006.

Objectives: To present updated guidelines that include consensual expert definitions on various BCC types, prognosis and risk factors for BCC as well as review recommendations for diagnosis and treatment reflecting current published evidence.

Methods: These guidelines (S1 type) were prepared by the new BCC subgroup of the European Dermatology Forum (EDF)'s Guidelines Committee through extensive literature review (up to 2012) and expert experience; they were extensively discussed within the EDF subcommittee and approved by peer reviewers of the EDF.

Awakening a dormant catalyst: salicylaldimine systems for ethene/tert-butylstyrene copolymerization.

A group of readily available zirconium catalysts incapable of ethene-co-styrene polymerization are remarkably active and selective for the production of the new polymer ethene-co-tert-butylstyrene via a single site mechanism.

Topical methyl aminolaevulinate photodynamic therapy versus cryotherapy for superficial basal cell carcinoma: a 5 year randomized trial.

This multicentre, randomized study compared photodynamic therapy using topical methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL PDT), a non-invasive modality, with cryotherapy for treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma. Sixty patients with 114 lesions were treated with MAL cream (160 mg/g) applied for 3 hours before illumination (570-670 nm, light dose 75 J/cm) (1 session), and 58 with 105 lesions received cryotherapy (2 freeze-thaw cycles). Patients with an incomplete response at 3 months received 2 further MAL PDT sessions (n = 20) or repeat cryotherapy (n = 16).