Human patient simulation is effective for teaching paramedic students endotracheal intubation.

Objectives: The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether the endotracheal intubation (ETI) success rate is different among paramedic students trained on a human patient simulator versus on human subjects in the operating room (OR).

Methods: Paramedic students (n = 36) with no prior ETI training received identical didactic and mannequin teaching. After randomization, students were trained for ten hours on a patient simulator (SIM) or with 15 intubations on human subjects in the OR.

Utility of esophageal Doppler as a minimally invasive hemodynamic monitor: a review.

Purpose: The current bedside "gold standard" for cardiac output (CO) monitoring is thermodilution using a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) but there is a number of risks associated with its use. The primary objective of this review was to evaluate the utility of esophageal Doppler (ED) as a minimally invasive monitor of CO.

Source: Medline literature search from 1966 to 2001 with citation review for studies comparing ED to PAC thermodilution for CO in perioperative and critically ill patients.