Widespread admixture blurs population structure and confounds Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) conservation even in the genomic era.

Intraspecific variation is important for species' long-term persistence in changing environments. Conservation strategies targeting intraspecific variation often rely on the identification of management or policy units below the species level based on biological differences among populations. To identify management units, this paper examines intraspecific divergence of Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Great Slave Lake (GSL), Canada, using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing data.

Engineering Microgel Packing to Tailor the Physical and Biological Properties of Gelatin Methacryloyl Granular Hydrogel Scaffolds.

Granular hydrogel scaffolds (GHS) are fabricated via placing hydrogel microparticles (HMP) in close contact (packing), followed by physical and/or chemical interparticle bond formation. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) GHS have recently emerged as a promising platform for biomedical applications; however, little is known about how the packing of building blocks, physically crosslinked soft GelMA HMP, affects the physical (pore microarchitecture and mechanical/rheological properties) and biological (in vitro and in vivo) attributes of GHS. Here, the GHS pore microarchitecture is engineered via the external (centrifugal) force-induced packing and deformation of GelMA HMP to regulate GHS mechanical and rheological properties, as well as biological responses in vitro and in vivo.

Gill raker and pyloric caeca counts differ between Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and Dolly Varden (S. malma) populations across their ranges.

Meristic characters are often used to differentiate between closely related forms, morphs, and species of fishes, and lend insight into ecology and post-glacial recolonization in taxa with complicated or contentious phylogenies, including the genus Salvelinus. Previous studies of meristics in Salvelinus have focused mostly on individual populations. We collated data from 456 populations/systems across the North American and Russian Arctic and sub-Arctic, and found that counts of pyloric caeca and gill rakers differed consistently between fish visually and/or genetically identified as Arctic char and Dolly Varden across their distributional ranges.

Benchmarking a Molecular Flake Model on the Road to Programmable Graphene-Based Single-Atom Catalysts.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) of embedding an active metal in nitrogen-doped graphene are emergent catalytic materials in various applications. The rational design of efficient SACs necessitates an electronic and mechanistic understanding of those materials with reliable quantum mechanical simulations. Conventional computational methods of modeling SACs involve using an infinite slab model with periodic boundary condition, limiting to the selection of generalized gradient approximations as the exchange correlation (XC) functional within density functional theory (DFT).

Priority populations' experiences of isolation, quarantine and distancing for COVID-19: protocol for a longitudinal cohort study (Optimise Study).

Introduction: Longitudinal studies can provide timely and accurate information to evaluate and inform COVID-19 control and mitigation strategies and future pandemic preparedness. The Optimise Study is a multidisciplinary research platform established in the Australian state of Victoria in September 2020 to collect epidemiological, social, psychological and behavioural data from priority populations. It aims to understand changing public attitudes, behaviours and experiences of COVID-19 and inform epidemic modelling and support responsive government policy.

Contrasting intra-individual variation in size-based trophic and habitat shifts for two coastal Arctic fish species.

Within and among species variation in trophic and habitat shifts with body size can indicate the potential adaptive capacity of species to ecosystem change. In Arctic coastal ecosystems, which experience dramatic seasonal shifts and are undergoing rapid change, quantifying the trophic flexibility of coastal fishes with different migratory tactics has received limited attention. We examined the relationships among body length and condition (Fulton's K, phase angle from Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) with trophic and habitat shifts (differences in δN and δC between blood tissues with different turnover rates) of two abundant and culturally important species, anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus, n = 38) and sedentary Greenland cod (Gadus ogac, n = 65) during summer in coastal marine waters near Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, Canada.

Individual and community experiences of posttraumatic growth after disaster: 10 years after the Australian Black Saturday bushfires.

Objective: To understand longer-term posttraumatic growth (PTG) and how this is associated with individual and community bushfire experiences.

Method: Survey data ( = 391) from the Beyond Bushfires and the 10-year Beyond Bushfires studies were analyzed. Multilevel modeling examined relationships between basic individual demographics, bushfire exposure, and community-level variables at 3-4 years after the fires, and PTG at 10 years using the short form of the PTG Inventory.

School staff wellbeing: A network-based assessment of burnout.

Burnout is commonly associated with professions that entail a high rate of close relationships with other individuals or groups. This paper explores the association between burnout and interpersonal relationships using a relational, social network framework. We collected data on advice-seeking relationships among 102 teachers and administrative staff from a secondary school in Melbourne, Australia.

Multilevel network interventions: Goals, actions, and outcomes.

COVID-19 has resulted in dramatic and widespread social network interventions across the globe, with public health measures such as distancing and isolation key epidemiological responses to minimize transmission. Because these measures affect social interactions between people, the networked structure of daily lives is changed. Such largescale changes to social structures, present simultaneously across many different societies and touching many different people, give renewed significance to the conceptualization of social network interventions.

Evidence for three morphotypes among anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) sampled in the marine environment.

Variable resource use and responses to environmental conditions can lead to phenotypic diversity and distinct morphotypes within salmonids, including Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Despite the cultural and economic importance of Arctic char in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR), limited data exist on the extent and presence of morphological diversity in this region. This is of concern for management given climate change impacts on regional fish populations.

Freshwater early life growth influences partial migration in populations of Dolly Varden ().

Populations of northern Dolly Varden () exhibit partial seaward migration, yet little is known about this phenomenon in Dolly Varden populations. Our study analyzed data from three different Dolly Varden populations in the western Canadian Arctic in order to determine if: (1) differences in size-at-first seaward migration exist between fish that migrate at early and late ages among populations inhabiting different river systems, and (2) annual growth influences anadromous or resident life history choice. Otolith strontium analysis and back-calculation were used to determine age- and size-at-first seaward migration, respectively.

Among-individual diet variation within a lake trout ecotype: Lack of stability of niche use.

In a polyphenic species, differences in resource use are expected among ecotypes, and homogeneity in resource use is expected within an ecotype. Yet, using a broad resource spectrum has been identified as a strategy for fishes living in unproductive northern environments, where food is patchily distributed and ephemeral. We investigated whether specialization of trophic resources by individuals occurred within the generalist piscivore ecotype of lake trout from Great Bear Lake, Canada, reflective of a form of diversity.

The dynamic course of psychological outcomes following the Victorian Black Saturday bushfires.

Objectives: To profile the long-term mental health outcomes of those affected by the 2009 Black Saturday bushfires and to document the course of mental health since the disaster.

Method: The longitudinal Beyond Bushfires study included 1017 respondents (Wave 1; 3-4 years after the fires), 736 (76.1%) at Wave 2 (5 years after the fires) and 525 (51.

Slippery liquid infused fluoropolymer coating for central lines to reduce catheter associated clotting and infections.

Thrombosis and infections are two grave, interrelated problems associated with the use of central venous catheters (CVL). Currently used antibiotic coated CVL has limited clinical success in resisting blood stream infection and may increase the risk of emerging antibiotic resistant strains. We report an antibiotic-free, fluoropolymer-immobilized, liquid perfluorocarbon-coated peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line and its effectiveness in reducing catheter associated thrombosis and pathogen colonization, as an alternative to antibiotic coated CVL.

Generalized additive regression for group testing data.

In screening applications involving low-prevalence diseases, pooling specimens (e.g., urine, blood, swabs, etc.

Repair of a Full-thickness Eyelid Defect With a Bilamellar Full-thickness Autograft in a Porcine Model (Sus scrofa).

Purpose: It has been demonstrated the pedicle of a tarsoconjunctival flap advancement does not appear to supply the flap itself and the vascularization of the remaining eyelid/tear film is thought to offer adequate nourishment for survival of the flap; as such, a swine model was constructed to assess the viability of a bilamellar autograft for repair of large full-thickness eyelid defects.

Methods: Full-thickness defects of varying sizes were created in each lower eyelid of 4 Yorkshire/Yorkshire crossed swine. The defects were then closed with a full-thickness ipsilateral graft from the upper eyelid.

Interpersonal violence and mental health outcomes following disaster.

Background: Disasters pose a documented risk to mental health, with a range of peri- and post-disaster factors (both pre-existing and disaster-precipitated) linked to adverse outcomes. Among these, increasing empirical attention is being paid to the relation between disasters and violence.

Aims: This study examined self-reported experiences of assault or violence victimisation among communities affected by high, medium, and low disaster severity following the 2009 bushfires in Victoria, Australia.

Delayed Disaster Impacts on Academic Performance of Primary School Children.

Social disruption caused by natural disasters often interrupts educational opportunities for children. However, little is known about children's learning in the following years. This study examined change in academic scores for children variably exposed to a major bushfire in Australia.

A Robust Regression Methodology via M-estimation.

A robust regression methodology is proposed via M-estimation. The approach adapts to the tail behavior and skewness of the distribution of the random error terms, providing for a reliable analysis under a broad class of distributions. This is accomplished by allowing the objective function, used to determine the regression parameter estimates, to be selected in a data driven manner.

Migration tactics affect spawning frequency in an iteroparous salmonid (Salvelinus malma) from the Arctic.

Otolith strontium and multi-year mark-recapture information were used to characterize associations between migration patterns and spawning frequencies in an anadromous Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) population (Rat River, Northwest Territories, Canada) that undertakes a long migration between freshwater spawning/overwintering (Fish Creek; a tributary to Rat River) and marine feeding habitats (Beaufort Sea) (~800 km round trip). Reconstructions of lifetime annual migration histories among otolith annuli was matched to information on reproductive status (current-year 'spawner' or 'non-spawner') that was known in two different, sometimes successive, years for each fish. Two migratory life histories were observed: fish either migrated annually after smoltification or periodically skipped an annual ocean migration to remain in freshwater and spawn.

The effect of group involvement on post-disaster mental health: A longitudinal multilevel analysis.

Involvement in voluntary associations is a key form of social capital and plays an especially important role following disaster as a venue for coordination and decision-making for the wider community. Yet, relatively little attention has been paid to how group involvement affects mental health, at either the individual or community level. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of involvement in voluntary associations on mental health among residents of bushfire-affected communities.

Improving access to specialized care for first-episode psychosis: an ecological model.

Psychotic spectrum disorders are serious illnesses with symptoms that significantly impact functioning and quality of life. An accumulating body of literature has demonstrated that specialized treatments that are offered early after symptom onset are disproportionately more effective in managing symptoms and improving outcomes than when these same treatments are provided later in the course of illness. Specialized, multicomponent treatment packages are of particular importance, which are comprised of services offered as soon as possible after the onset of psychosis with the goal of addressing multiple care needs within a single care setting.

From top to bottom: Do Lake Trout diversify along a depth gradient in Great Bear Lake, NT, Canada?

Depth is usually considered the main driver of Lake Trout intraspecific diversity across lakes in North America. Given that Great Bear Lake is one of the largest and deepest freshwater systems in North America, we predicted that Lake Trout intraspecific diversity to be organized along a depth axis within this system. Thus, we investigated whether a deep-water morph of Lake Trout co-existed with four shallow-water morphs previously described in Great Bear Lake.