Eyespots in a reversible setting.

When eyespots were presented on a reversible figure, the total duration for which elements bearing the eyespots were seen as closer to the observer was found to be greater than the total for counterpart elements. It is speculated that the tendency to see eyespots as nearer than they really are is related to the manner in which they are responded to in nature.

Inferential methods for comparing a single case with a control sample: modified t-tests versus mycroft et al.'s (2002) modified anova.

Mycroft, Mitchell, and Kay (2002) have criticised existing inferential methods (e.g., Crawford & Howell, 1998) for comparing a single case with a control sample and propose that such comparisons be made using a modified ANOVA.

Wanted: fully operational definitions of dissociations in single-case studies.

In contrast to the careful consideration given to the issue of what we can infer from dissociations in single-case studies, the more basic question of how we decide whether a dissociation is present has been relatively neglected. Proposals are made for fully operational definitions of a deficit, classical and strong dissociations, and double dissociations. In developing these definitions it was assumed that they should be based on the use of inferential rather than descriptive statistical methods.