Publications by authors named "Colhoun H"
Article Synopsis
- The study explores how a history of mental disorders, especially PTSD, influences the severity of PTSD symptoms in people affected by earthquakes, highlighting the need for better understanding in treatment.
- Researchers compared individuals with prior mental disorders to those without and found that those with any past mental issues tend to experience more current psychological disorders.
- The results indicate that while prior PTSD patients faced more life challenges, the presence of any previous mental disorder doesn't necessarily lead to more severe PTSD, suggesting the importance of screening for all trauma survivors, regardless of their mental health history.
Background: GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and can also have kidney benefits. However, whether GLP-1 receptor agonists improve clinically important kidney outcomes remains uncertain. We aimed to comprehensively assess the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on kidney and cardiovascular disease outcomes by performing a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentified genetic loci for C-peptide and type 1 diabetes (T1D) age at diagnosis (AAD) explain only a small proportion of their variation. We aimed to identify additional genetic loci associated with C-peptide and AAD. Some HLA allele/haplotypes associated with T1D also contributed to variability of C-peptide and AAD, whereas outside the HLA region, T1D loci were mostly not associated with C-peptide or AAD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Population-based incidence data on young-adult-onset type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are limited. We aimed to examine secular trends in the incidence of diagnosed type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes with an age of onset between 15 and 39 years.
Methods: In this multicountry aggregate data analysis, we assembled eight administrative datasets from high-income jurisdictions and countries (Australia, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Japan, Scotland, South Korea, and Spain [Catalonia]) that had appropriate data available from an international diabetes consortium (GLOBODIAB) describing incidence by diabetes type among people aged 15-39 years from 2000 to 2020.
Article Synopsis
- Current guidelines advise against metformin for patients with advanced kidney impairment, despite limited evidence supporting this recommendation, prompting an observational study to compare outcomes of continuing versus stopping metformin after developing stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD).
- The study found that out of 4,278 metformin users with incident CKD stage 4, those who stopped taking the medication experienced a significantly lower 3-year survival rate compared to those who continued, although the incidence of major cardiovascular events was similar between the two groups.
- The findings suggest that ongoing metformin use may be beneficial for patients with advanced kidney impairment, although the study does acknowledge potential limitations due to residual confounding factors.
Background: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) levels are independently associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the relationship between Lp(a) level, LDL-C level, and ASCVD risk at different thresholds is not well defined.
Methods: A participant-level meta-analysis of 27 658 participants enrolled in 6 placebo-controlled statin trials was performed to assess the association of LDL-C and Lp(a) levels with risk of fatal or nonfatal coronary heart disease events, stroke, or any coronary or carotid revascularization (ASCVD).
Background: Patients with overweight and obesity are at increased risk of death from multiple causes, including cardiovascular (CV) death, with few therapies proven to reduce the risk.
Objectives: This study sought to assess the effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg on all-cause death, CV death, and non-CV death, including subcategories of death and death from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).
Article Synopsis
- Semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist used for weight loss, may lower the risk of serious cardiovascular issues in individuals with obesity, but its specific effects on those with pre-existing heart conditions, like atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure, were unclear.
- The SELECT trial, a comprehensive study involving adult participants with cardiovascular disease and high BMI, examined the impact of weekly injections of semaglutide versus placebo on heart-related outcomes, particularly focusing on those with varying types of heart failure.
- Researchers looked for differences in cardiovascular events, analyzing data to see if treatment efficacy and safety were affected by heart failure type and participants’ initial health characteristics.
Aims/hypothesis: Whether hypoglycaemia increases the risk of other adverse outcomes in diabetes remains controversial, especially for hypoglycaemia episodes not requiring assistance from another person. An objective of the Hypoglycaemia REdefining SOLutions for better liVEs (Hypo-RESOLVE) project was to create and use a dataset of pooled clinical trials in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes to examine the association of exposure to all hypoglycaemia episodes across the range of severity with incident event outcomes: death, CVD, neuropathy, kidney disease, retinal disorders and depression. We also examined the change in continuous outcomes that occurred following a hypoglycaemia episode: change in eGFR, HbA, blood glucose, blood glucose variability and weight.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: Parameters derived from reservoir-excess pressure analysis have been demonstrated to predict cardiovascular events. Thus, altered reservoir-excess pressure parameters could have a detrimental effect on highly-perfused organs like the heart. We aimed to cross-sectionally determine whether reservoir-excess pressure parameters were associated with N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in older adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGiven the proven benefits of screening to reduce diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) likelihood at the time of stage 3 type 1 diabetes diagnosis, and emerging availability of therapy to delay disease progression, type 1 diabetes screening programs are being increasingly emphasized. Once broadly implemented, screening initiatives will identify significant numbers of islet autoantibody-positive (IAb+) children and adults who are at risk for (confirmed single IAb+) or living with (multiple IAb+) early-stage (stage 1 and stage 2) type 1 diabetes. These individuals will need monitoring for disease progression; much of this care will happen in nonspecialized settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGiven the proven benefits of screening to reduce diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) likelihood at the time of stage 3 type 1 diabetes diagnosis, and emerging availability of therapy to delay disease progression, type 1 diabetes screening programmes are being increasingly emphasised. Once broadly implemented, screening initiatives will identify significant numbers of islet autoantibody-positive (IAb) children and adults who are at risk of (confirmed single IAb) or living with (multiple IAb) early-stage (stage 1 and stage 2) type 1 diabetes. These individuals will need monitoring for disease progression; much of this care will happen in non-specialised settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To evaluate the cardiovascular effects of semaglutide by baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and change in HbA1c in a prespecified analysis of Semaglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Outcomes in People With Overweight or Obesity (SELECT).
Research Design And Methods: In SELECT, people with overweight or obesity and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease without diabetes were randomized to weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo.
Objective: To determine whether semaglutide slows progression of glycemia in people with cardiovascular disease and overweight or obesity but without diabetes.
Research Design And Methods: In a multicenter, double-blind trial, participants aged ≥45 years, with BMI ≥27 kg/m2, and with preexisting cardiovascular disease but without diabetes (HbA1c <6.5%) were randomized to receive subcutaneous semaglutide (2.
Objective: In this study we examine whether hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia increases long-term cardiovascular mortality more than other hospitalized pneumonias in people with type 2 diabetes and aim to quantify the relative cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risks associated with COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 pneumonia.
Research Design And Methods: With use of the SCI-Diabetes register, two cohorts were identified: individuals with type 2 diabetes in 2016 and at the 2020 pandemic onset. Hospital and death records were linked for determination of pneumonia exposure and CVD deaths.
The SELECT trial previously reported a 20% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events with semaglutide (n = 8,803) versus placebo (n = 8,801) in patients with overweight/obesity and established cardiovascular disease, without diabetes. In the present study, we examined the effect of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg on kidney outcomes in the SELECT trial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims/hypothesis: The objective of the Hypoglycaemia REdefining SOLutions for better liVES (Hypo-RESOLVE) project is to use a dataset of pooled clinical trials across pharmaceutical and device companies in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes to examine factors associated with incident hypoglycaemia events and to quantify the prediction of these events.
Methods: Data from 90 trials with 46,254 participants were pooled. Analyses were done for type 1 and type 2 diabetes separately.
In the SELECT cardiovascular outcomes trial, semaglutide showed a 20% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events in 17,604 adults with preexisting cardiovascular disease, overweight or obesity, without diabetes. Here in this prespecified analysis, we examined effects of semaglutide on weight and anthropometric outcomes, safety and tolerability by baseline body mass index (BMI). In patients treated with semaglutide, weight loss continued over 65 weeks and was sustained for up to 4 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The text reviews clinical evidence on systemic factors that could help improve diabetic retinal disease (DRD) staging systems, focusing on predicting the onset, progression, and treatment responses of the disease.
- Key findings indicate that longer diabetes duration, higher HbA1c levels, and male sex are linked to increased DRD risk, while blood pressure is also a significant factor in both incidence and progression.
- Despite some associations, multivariate models showed that retinal measures are better predictors of DRD progression than systemic factors, and comprehensive studies validating the prognostic value of treatments are still needed.
Aims: We examined severe hospitalised hypoglycaemia (SHH) rates in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Scotland during 2016-2022, stratifying by sociodemographics.
Methods: Using the Scottish National diabetes register (SCI-Diabetes), we identified people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes alive anytime during 2016-2022. SHH events were determined through linkage to hospital admission and death registry data.
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease in which destruction of pancreatic β-cells causes life-threatening metabolic dysregulation. Numerous approaches are envisioned for new therapies, but limitations of current clinical outcome measures are significant disincentives to development efforts. C-peptide, a direct byproduct of proinsulin processing, is a quantitative biomarker of β-cell function that is not cleared by the liver and can be measured in the peripheral blood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study investigates the use of deep learning (DL) to enhance predictions for diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression, which could influence screening intervals in Scotland.
- Data from over 21,000 people with Type 1 diabetes and 247,000 with Type 2 diabetes were analyzed, showing significant improvements in predictive accuracy when using DL compared to traditional DR grading methods.
- The results indicate that implementing a DL-based approach could reduce the time patients spend with referable DR, potentially leading to more efficient screening protocols and better management of healthcare resources.