Phys Occup Ther Pediatr
February 2010
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often occurs during the years when individuals are aiming for vocational goals and acquiring skills needed to achieve vocational success. This exploratory study aimed to describe the perceived long-term impact on career outcomes for individuals who were hospitalized with a TBI during adolescence. This study used a retrospective cohort design.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedical record review (MRR) is often used in clinical research and evaluation, yet there is limited literature regarding best practices in conducting a MRR, and there are few studies reporting interrater reliability (IRR) from MRR data. The aim of this research was twofold: (a) to develop a MRR abstraction tool and standardize the MRR process and (b) to examine the IRR from MRR data. This study introduces the MRR-Conduction Model, which was used to implement a MRR, and examines the IRR between two abstractors who collected preinjury medical and psychiatric, incident-related medical and postinjury head symptom information from the medical records of 47 neurologically injured workers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: (1) To examine the variability in diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in primary care relative to that of an expert reviewer; and (2) to determine the incidence rate of mTBI in Ontario, Canada.
Method: Potential mTBI cases were identified through reviewing three months of Emergency Department (ED) and Family Physician (FP) health records. Potential cases were selected from ED records using the International Classification of Disease, 9th revision, Clinical Modification and External Cause codes and from all FPs records for the time period.
Objective: To investigate the use of computed tomography (CT) scans in patients with suspected acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) presenting to emergency departments.
Method: 850 potential mTBI cases were identified through reviews of three months of health records from nine selected emergency departments across the province of Ontario. Records for review were selected using the International Classification of Disease, 9th revision, Clinical Modification codes and Injury codes.
Objective: The purpose of this article is to examine the demographic, health, and social characteristics of mobility device users in long-term care settings.
Methods: Data were used from a recently institutionalized sample of older adults from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with the use of different mobility devices (cane, walker, or wheelchair).
Primary Objective: To explore the experiences of health care practitioners working with Aboriginal clients recovering from acquired brain injury (ABI).
Research Design: Participatory research design using qualitative methods.
Methods: Fourteen in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted.
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. We document trends in TBI-related hospitalizations in Ontario, Canada, between April 1992 and March 2002, focusing on relationships between inpatient hospitalization rates, age, sex, cause of injury, severity level, and in-hospital mortality.
Methods: Information on all acute hospital separations in Ontario with a diagnosis of TBI was analyzed using logistic regression.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
October 2008
Background: When compared to the general population, persons with an intellectual disability have lower life expectancy, higher morbidity, higher rates of unmet health needs, and more difficulty finding and getting health care. Organisational interventions are used to reconfigure the structure or delivery of health care services and may prove useful to decrease the noted disparities.
Objectives: To assess the effects of organisational interventions for the mental and physical health problems of persons with an intellectual disability.
Gammaherpesviruses establish life-long persistency inside the host and cause various diseases during their persistent infection. However, the systemic interaction between the virus and host in vivo has not been studied in individual hosts continuously, although such information can be crucial to control the persistent infection of the gammaherpesviruses. For the noninvasive and continuous monitoring of the interaction between gammaherpesvirus and the host, a recombinant murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68, a gammaherpesvirus 68) was constructed to express a firefly luciferase gene driven by the viral M3 promoter (M3FL).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: We sought to determine the lifetime prevalence of traumatic brain injury and its association with current health conditions in a representative sample of homeless people in Toronto, Ontario.
Methods: We surveyed 601 men and 303 women at homeless shelters and meal programs in 2004-2005 (response rate 76%). We defined traumatic brain injury as any self-reported head injury that left the person dazed, confused, disoriented or unconscious.
Background: This research study examined the prevalence of prescription medication use in persons many years following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Setting And Subjects: Consecutive records were examined of persons with moderate-to-severe TBI who were discharged from a large rehabilitation hospital in Pennsylvania from 1973-1989.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil
September 2008
Objectives: To explore and describe the extent to which children and youth (10-18y) with acquired brain injury in Ontario are living in environments considered inappropriate, to describe the nature of services and supports in those environments, and to determine appropriate living environments for children and youth with acquired brain injury.
Design: A mixed-methods approach with a case-study design was used in which the living environment represented the case. This article reports on the qualitative component.
J Contin Educ Health Prof
November 2008
Introduction: The aim of this project was to develop and evaluate a research-based dramatic production for the purpose of transferring knowledge about traumatic brain injury (TBI) to health care professionals, managers, and decision makers.
Methods: Using results drawn from six focus group discussions with key stakeholders (consumers, informal caregivers, and health care practitioners experienced in the field of TBI) and relevant scientific literature, a 50-minute play was produced for the purpose of conveying the experiences of TBI survivors, informal care providers, and health practitioners and best practice for TBI care. A self-administered postperformance survey was distributed to audience members at the end of four performances in Ontario, Canada, to evaluate the play's efficacy.
The current study provides a critical review of Canadian studies on ethnicity and mental health with respect to the definition, conceptualization and operationalization of ethnicity. It provides a discussion on the methodological issues related to these factors and their implications to guide future research and enable comparability of results across studies. Sociological Abstracts, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and CINAHL were used to identify relevant Canadian articles published between January 1980 and December 2004.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a primary cause of injury mortality in developed countries but less is known about the impact of TBI on postacute mortality in large study populations. This study investigates the rate and predictors of postacute mortality (1-9 years after the initial injury) of severely injured persons with TBI in the Province of Ontario from April 1, 1993 to March 31, 1995.
Method: Cases were identified (n = 2,721) from the Ontario Trauma Registry Comprehensive Data Set based on lead trauma hospitals in the province which also provided data on predictors.
In recent years, interdisciplinary collaboration between artists and social scientists has received sustained interest from many members of the academic community. However, cross-disciplinary work is often more difficult than presumed. Epistemological and methodological differences between disciplines create barriers that may impede collaborative projects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: The prevalence and profile of adults with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been studied in large North American forensic mental health populations. This study investigated how adults with a documented history of TBI differed with the non-TBI forensic population with respect to demographics, psychiatric diagnoses and history of offences.
Method: A retrospective chart review of all consecutive admissions to a forensic psychiatry programme in Toronto, Canada was conducted.
Over the past several decades, researchers have taken an interest in theatre as a unique method of analysing data and translating findings. Because of its ability to communicate research findings in an emotive and embodied manner, theatre holds particular potential for health research, which often engages complex questions of the human condition. In order to evaluate the research potential of theatre, this article critically examines examples of evaluated health research studies that have used theatre for the purposes of data analysis or translation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurring in the workplace carries major economic repercussions such as lost wages and hospital costs. Little is known about the profile of risk factors for work-related traumatic brain injury.
Aims: This study describes the pre-injury demographic characteristics, injury-related characteristics and outcomes of work-related TBI and compares them with those of non work-related TBI.
A large number of individuals who have experienced a traumatic brain injury are women; unfortunately, there is a lack of literature focusing on their treatment preferences. Electronic memory aids have the potential to offer tremendous assistance to increase the independence of individuals with memory impairment; however, the use of electronic memory aids with this female population has not been explored. The objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions and use of electronic memory aids in women with memory impairment as a result of a traumatic brain injury to further their use of this technology to enable their independence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: There is very little known about the intensity of occupational therapy service provision in relation to client characteristics of a geriatric chronic care population. A model was utilized to study demographic and clinical factors associated with the intensity of occupational therapy utilization.
Method: A retrospective correlational design was carried out using secondary analysis of occupational therapy workload data merged with selected variables from the Minimum Data Set (MDS) at Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Ontario and included a sample of 168 clients receiving occupational therapy.
Thymic plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are located predominantly in the medulla and at the corticomedullary junction, the entry site of bone marrow-derived multipotential precursor cells into the thymus, allowing for interactions between thymic pDCs and precursor cells. We demonstrate that in vitro-generated pDCs stimulated with CpG or virus impaired the development of human autologous CD34(+)CD1a(-) thymic progenitor cells into the T-cell lineage. Rescue by addition of neutralizing type I interferon (IFN) antibodies strongly implies that endogenously produced IFN-alpha/beta is responsible for this inhibitory effect.
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