Case-control study of the association between select HLA genes and anti-erythropoietin antibody-positive pure red-cell aplasia.

Aims: Antibody (Ab)-positive pure red-cell aplasia (PRCA) is a very rare but serious adverse event associated with recombinant human erythropoietin treatment (4.1 reports per 100,000 patient-years) in which patients produce antibodies to recombinant and endogenous erythropoietin, halting red blood cell production. In a previous case series, four Thai subjects with chronic kidney disease and Ab-positive PRCA were reported to have the HLA-DRB1*9 allele.

Characterization and quantitation of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation induced by interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Development and use of a high capacity fluorescence cytometric system.

A new quantitative cytometric technique, termed the ArrayScanTM, is described and used to measure NF-kappaB nuclear translocation induced by interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha). The amount of p65 staining is measured in both the nuclei defined by Hoechst 33342 labeling and in the surrounding cytoplasmic area within a preselected number of cells/well in 96-well plates. Using this technique in synchronously activated human chondrocytes or HeLa cells, NF-kappaB was found to move to the nucleus with a half-time of 7-8 min for HeLa and 12-13 min for chondrocytes, a rate in each case about 4-5 min slower than that of Ikappa Balpha degradation.

A proposed design for conducting target animal safety studies for developing new veterinary pharmaceuticals.

Target animal safety studies are required for the regulatory approval of any new veterinary pharmaceutical registered almost anywhere in the world. Both the United States and Europe have extensive guidelines for conducting these studies. Due to new veterinary drug labeling requirements in the United States, changes in the overall design of target animal safety studies will be required for the United States.

Safety of albendazole in developing bovine fetuses.

Albendazole, administered orally at a dose rate of 25 mg/kg of body weight to presumed pregnant cows or heifers on days 21, 31, 41, 51, and 61 of gestation, did not induce toxicosis in embryos or fetuses, and all calves born were structurally normal. Albendazole administration at a rate of 25 mg/kg to cows at 7 and/or 14 days of gestation decreased the apparent conception rate (ie, embryolethality), but did not have a teratogenic effect. Apparent embryolethality was greater in cows administered 25 mg/kg only on day 14, compared with those administered the drug only on day 7.

Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid from healthy beagles.

Serum and CSF lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and LDH isoenzyme profile, as well as total protein, were measured in samples obtained from 26 healthy Beagles. The LDH activity in serum was approximately 10 times that in the CSF. The CSF LDH isoenzyme profile was a mirror image of the serum LDH isoenzyme profile.

Comparison of Microbiological Methods for Detecting Penicillin and Penicillin-Like Antibiotic Residues in Milk.

Five microbiological methods for detecting residues of penicillin and penicillin-like antibiotics were compared, and the relative incidence of residues in whole milk samples was determined. Five groups of 10 lactating cows each and five commercial antibiotic products (penicillin G in oil, penicillin G in a water-dispersible oil base, cloxacillin, cephapirin and ampicillin) used for the treatment of mastitis were studied. Milk samples collected from the cows were tested for antibiotic content by the Sarcina lutea or Bacillus subtilis cylinder plate, International Dairy Federation-Association of Official Analytical Chemists (IDF-AOAC) Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 10149 disc plate, Delvotest-P, Antibiotic Residue Branch (ARB) B.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of chlortetracycline in milk-fed versus conventionally fed calves.

Plasma and tissue concentration and pharmacokinetics of chlortetracycline (CTC) was determined in milk-fed and conventionally fed Holstein calves. A two-compartment open model was used after a single intravenous dose (11 mg CTC/kg body weight). There were no significant differences between dietary treatments.

Selected blood chemistry and hematologic characteristics in milk-fed and conventionally fed calves.

Effects of diet and age on selected blood chemistry and hematologic characteristics were studied in 20 Holstein bull calves. Milk-fed calves (treatment 1) were maintained exclusively on a milk-replacer diet. Conventionally fed calves (treatment 2) were provided a calf-starter diet and alfalfa hay beginning at 2 wk of age and were weaned from milk replacer at 7 wk of age.

Effect of storage on bovine erythrocyte cholinesterase activity.

Bovine whole blood and washed erythrocyte samples with either sodium heparin or EDTA as the anticoagulant were stored at -24, 2 to 3, 21, or 37 C for up to 8 weeks to determine the stability of erythrocyte cholinesterase (ChE) activity. An automated colorimetric method was used to measure ChE activity. Regression analysis was used to estimate the rate of decline of ChE activity of samples to 95% of normal.

Experimental hexachlorophene intoxication in young swine.

Hexachlorophene (HCP) intoxication in swine was studied as a possible model of HCP poisoning in human beings. Swine were topically or orally given HCP each day, and observations were made on central nervous system function, hematologic measurements, serum chemical analyses, necropsy, microscopic examination of tissues, and concentrations of HCP residues in blood and tissue. Intoxication was observed in orally exposed swine, but the syndrome was not consistently produced in topically exposed swine.

The relative influence of sex of progeny on the lethal expression of the sonless gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

The sex-linked maternally influenced lethal gene, sonless (snl), in D. melanogaster was shown to affect the survival of daughters as well as sons of snl/snl mothers but to a lesser degree. Interaction studies of sonless with the sex altering mutants transformer (tra) and doublesex (dsx) revealed that any alteration toward increased masculinity of progeny from snl/snl females reduced their zygotic viability, independent of snl dosage or Y chromosome presence or absence.