Characterisation of deformed or separated nickel-titanium retreatment instruments after clinical use - A multicentre experience: Defect profiles of clinically-used retreatment instruments.

Objectives: The present study examined the defect characteristics of clinically-used, discarded nickel titanium rotary retreatment instruments and analysed the impact of clinical use on their metallurgical properties.

Methods: 92 XP-endo Shaper (XPS; FKG Dentaire) and 20 XP-endo Finisher (XPFR; FKG Dentaire) instruments with structural deformation or separation were collected after retreatment from four endodontic clinics over a 20-month period. The types of defects and their relative locations were recorded.

Clinical decision-making and importance of the AAE/AAOMR position statement for CBCT examination in endodontic cases.

Aim: To compare conventional radiographic and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) findings with reference to the American Association of Endodontics and American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (AAE/AAOMR) joint position statement and to determine the effect of the CBCT on the initial diagnoses and treatment plans in a single-centre Postgraduate Endodontic Programme.

Methodology: The clinical CBCT scans of patients, treated at the Endodontic Department of the University of British Columbia, were reviewed for CBCT referrals by comparing them with corresponding radiographs. The features considered were periapical lesions, missed/extra canals, root fractures, complex anatomy, calcified canals and root resorption of tooth/teeth in question.

Antibiotic and Opioid Analgesic Prescribing Patterns of Dentists in Vancouver and Endodontic Specialists in British Columbia.

Aim: To assess the prescribing decisions of general dentists in Vancouver and endodontists in British Columbia regarding analgesics and antibiotics for patients with endodontic disease. An additional aim was to determine whether gender, clinical experience or practice location have an impact on such decisions.

Methods: A 4-page survey was developed and distributed to approximately half the general dentists in Vancouver (n = 259) and all of the endodontists in British Columbia (n = 50).

Defining the Role of the Community Health Worker within a Federal Healthy Start Care Coordination Team.

Introduction Federal and state policies often require utilization of evidence-based home visiting programs. Measurement of specified interventions is important for tracking program implementation and achieving program outcomes. Thus, the Strong Beginnings program worked to define community health worker (CHW) interventions, a core service of the program to improve maternal and child health.

Micro-computed tomography analysis of post space preparation in root canals filled with carrier-based thermoplasticized gutta-percha.

Aim: To determine whether post space preparation deviated from the root canal preparation in canals filled with Thermafil, GuttaCore or warm vertically compacted gutta-percha.

Methodology: Forty-two extracted human permanent maxillary lateral incisors were decoronated, and their root canals instrumented using a standardized protocol. Samples were divided into three groups and filled with Thermafil (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Johnson City, TN, USA), GuttaCore (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties) or warm vertically compacted gutta-percha, before post space preparation was performed with a GT Post drill (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties).

WaveOne Rotary Instruments after Clinical Use.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and mode of WaveOne (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) instrument defects after single use at different endodontic clinics.

Methods: A total of 438 WaveOne instruments were collected after clinical use from the 4 specialist clinics over a 12-month period and from 1 graduate program over a 20-month period. The incidence and type of instrument defects were analyzed.

ProFile Vortex and Vortex Blue Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments after Clinical Use.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and mode of ProFile Vortex and Vortex Blue instrument defects after clinical use in a graduate endodontic program and to examine the impact of clinical use on the instruments' metallurgical properties.

Methods: A total of 330 ProFile Vortex and 1136 Vortex Blue instruments from the graduate program were collected after each had been used in 3 teeth. The incidence and type of instrument defects were analyzed.

Identification of possible factors impacting dental students' ability to locate MB2 canals in maxillary molars.

This study examined the effect of the access size and straight-line path of access on third-year dental students' ability to locate a second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal in maxillary first and second molars. One hundred and six third-year dental students at one Faculty of Dentistry performed simulated root canal treatment with the aid of 2x magnification loupes on extracted teeth. A postgraduate endodontic student subsequently made a reasonable search for an untreated MB2 canal with the aid of a dental operating microscope.

Frequency of serious outcomes in patients with hypertension as a chief complaint in the emergency department.

Context: Hypertension is a common incidental finding in the emergency department (ED). However, the authors noticed a segment of patients who present to the ED specifically because their blood pressure is found to be elevated outside of the hospital. Emergency medicine physicians are often unsure of the level of intervention that is required for these patients.

HyFlex nickel-titanium rotary instruments after clinical use: metallurgical properties.

Aim: To analyse the type and location of defects in HyFlex CM instruments after clinical use in a graduate endodontic programme and to examine the impact of clinical use on their metallurgical properties.

Methodology: A total of 468 HyFlex CM instruments discarded from a graduate endodontic programme were collected after use in three teeth. The incidence and type of instrument defects were analysed.

ProFile Vortex instruments after clinical use: a metallurgical properties study.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence and mode of ProFile Vortex instrument (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) defects during a predefined schedule of clinical use by the undergraduate students in a dental school setting and to examine the metallurgical characteristics of unused and clinically used Vortex instruments.

Methods: A total of 2,203 ProFile Vortex instruments discarded after single use from the undergraduate students program over 24 months were collected and examined for defects using a stereomicrosocpe at 10× magnification. The incidence and type of instrument defects or separation were analyzed.

Effect of time of extraction on the biocompatibility of endodontic sealers with primary human fibroblasts.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of different times of extraction on the cytotoxicity of six representatives of different root canal sealer groups-Real Seal SE, AH Plus, GuttaFlow, Sealapex, Roth 801, and ThermaSeal Plus-with human gingival fibroblasts. The materials were prepared according to manufacturers' specifications, and were incubated in culture medium (DMEM) at 37ºC for 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, with daily washing, to simulate periodontal ligament clearance. Human fibroblasts were exposed to the final extracts at 24 hours, and cell viability was determined by MTT assay, with exposure to unconditioned DMEM as a negative control.

Oral sucrose to decrease pain associated with arterial puncture in infants 30 to 36 weeks' gestation: a randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oral sucrose solution on pain responses of neonates to arterial puncture compared with neonates who did not receive a sucrose solution.

Subjects: Convenience sample of 47 neonates, 31 to 35 weeks' gestational age.

Design: Double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Cytotoxicity evaluation of two root canal sealers and a commercial calcium hydroxide paste on THP1 cell line by Trypan Blue assay.

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of two brands of root canal sealers, epoxy-resin based and zinc oxide-eugenol based, and one commercial calcium hydroxide paste on a monocyte cell line THP-1.

Material And Methods: Undiluted (crude extract) and diluted extracts to 10%, 1%, 0.1%, 0.

Treatment options for teeth with open apices and apical periodontitis.

Three clinical cases involving teeth with open apices and apical periodontitis were treated using different protocols. The first case was managed with intracanal calcium hydroxide paste for 12 months before obturation with gutta-percha and sealer. In the second case, an apical plug of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was used before obturation with gutta-percha and sealer and treatment was completed during 2 appointments.

Defects in nickel-titanium instruments after clinical use. Part 5: single use from endodontic specialty practices.

Introduction: Single use of endodontic nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments has been recommended to reduce instrument fatigue and the possibility of cross-contamination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the defects of three NiTi rotary systems (ProFile series 29 [Dentsply Tulsa Dental Products, Tulsa, OK], ProFile [Dentsply Tulsa Dental Products], and ProTaper [Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland]) that were discarded after single use by two endodontic clinics.

Methods: A total of 1,071 ProFile .

Does a final rinse to remove smear layer interfere on dentin permeability of root canals?

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the influence of different final irrigating solutions on dentin permeability and smear layer removal using the same specimens and relate the results obtained.

Study Design: Forty anterior human teeth were instrumented and divided into 4 groups (n = 10) at the final rinse step, according to the irrigant used: G I (control) - 1% NaOCl; G II - 17% EDTA; G III - 17% EDTAT; and G IV - Biopure MTAD. The canals were filled with 0.

Defects in nickel-titanium instruments after clinical use. Part 3: a 4-year retrospective study from an undergraduate clinic.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence and mode of ProFile (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN) instrument separation during a predefined schedule of clinical use by the undergraduate students in a dental school over 4 years. A total of 3,706 ProFile instruments discarded from the same undergraduate students program between 2003 and 2007 were analyzed. The lateral and fracture surfaces of 12 separated instruments were examined by scanning electron microscopy, and the location of the fractures was recorded.

Comparative SEM evaluation of three solvents used in endodontic retreatment: an ex vivo study.

This study compared, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the efficacy of three solvents on the removal of filling materials from dentinal tubules during endodontic retreatment. Forty human maxillary canines with straight canals were prepared according to a crown-down technique and enlarged to a#30 apical file size, before obturation with gutta-percha and a zinc-oxide-eugenol based sealer. The samples were stored for 3 months before being randomly assigned to four groups: chloroform (n=10), orange oil (n=10), eucalyptol (n=10) and control (n=10).

Coronal and apical leakage analysis of two different root canal obturation systems.

This study compared the coronal and apical leakage of AH Plus with gutta-percha to that of Epiphany with Resilon. Twenty-four single rooted teeth were instrumented and divided into 2 groups according to the solutions for smear layer removal and the obturation materials employed: Group A - 17% EDTA-T and AH Plus with gutta-percha; Group B - primer and Epiphany with Resilon. The Group B specimens were light-cured in the coronal area for 20 s.

Influence of different volumes of EDTA for final rinse on smear layer removal.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of different volumes of 17% EDTA for final rinse on smear layer removal on the different areas of the root canal.

Study Design: Forty single-rooted teeth were instrumented using rotary instruments. The teeth were divided into 3 test groups according to the EDTA volume for final rinse (5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL) and 1 control group (10 mL of 1% sodium hypochlorite).

Diffusion of calcitonin through the wall of the root canal.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro diffusion of synthetic salmon calcitonin (CT), used as an intracanal medication, to the external root surface, with or without the presence of intact root cementum. Fifty-four human central incisors were used in the experiment, and were divided into two groups of 21 (test groups) and two groups of 6 teeth (control groups). After root canal preparation, 10 mul of calcitonin was inserted within the root canal chamber.

Environment, agriculture, and settlement patterns in a marginal Polynesian landscape.

Beginning ca. A.D.

Proinflammatory cytokine profiles in pulp fibroblasts stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and methyl mercaptan.

Pulpal disease is intimately associated with the immune system's response to bacteria products. Clinical pathology is mediated in part by the production of pyrogenic cytokines, especially interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and IL-6. Methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), a volatile sulfur compound produced by anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, has been shown to contribute to the production of IL-1 by human mononuclear cells.

Tongue brushing and mouth rinsing as basic treatment measures for halitosis.

Tongue brushing and mouth rinsing are basic treatment measures for halitosis, and as such are categorised as treatment needs (TN)-1. Although TN-1 is used for treatment of physiologic halitosis treatment, pseudo-, extra oral pathologic or halitophobic patients must also be managed with TN-1 as well as other treatments. Since the origin of physiological halitosis is mainly the dorso-posterior region of the tongue, tongue cleaning is more effective than mouth rinsing.