Bite injuries of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) on harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena).

Bite-like skin lesions on harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) have been suspected to be caused by grey seals (Halichoerus grypus), and a few field observations have been reported. Bite-like skin lesions observed on stranded animals were characterized by two main components: large flaps of loose or missing skin and blubber with frayed edges and puncture lesions. Definitive demonstration of predation by a grey seal was not reported so far in those stranded animals.

Cytochrome P450 1A1 expression in cetacean skin biopsies from the Indian Ocean.

The study describes cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYPA1) expression in the skin of different cetacean species (Megaptera novaeangliae, n=15; Stenella attenuata, n=7 and Stenella longirostris, n=24) from the Mozambique Channel island of Mayotte. Immunohistochemical examination was performed with a monoclonal antibody against scup cytochrome CYPA1. The sex was determined using a molecular approach consisting in the genotyping sex-specific genes.

Brucella ceti infection in harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena).

We describe Brucella sp. infection and associated lesions in a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) found on the coast of Belgium. The infection was diagnosed by immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and bacteriology, and the organism was identified as B.

Flow cytometric probing of mitochondrial function in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Background: The morphopathological picture of a subset of equine myopathies is compatible with a primary mitochondrial disease, but functional confirmation in vivo is still pending. The cationic dye JC-1 exhibits potential-dependent accumulation in mitochondria that is detectable by a fluorescence shift from green to orange. As a consequence, mitochondrial membrane potential can be optically measured by the orange/green fluorescence intensity ratio.

Morphological alterations in oxidative muscles and mitochondrial structure associated with equine atypical myopathy.

Reasons For Performing Study: There is a lack of well documented studies about muscular lesions in equine atypical myopathy (EAM).

Objectives: To characterise morphopathological changes of striated muscles and myocardium, to progress understanding of this disease.

Methods: Thirty-two horses age 0.

Population-level retrospective study of neurologically expressed disorders in ruminants before the onset of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Belgium, a BSE risk III country.

A retrospective epidemiological study (n = 7,875) of neurologically expressed disorders (NED) in ruminants before the onset of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic (years studied, 1980 to 1997) was carried out in Belgium. The archives of all veterinary laboratories and rabies and transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) epidemiosurveillance networks were consulted. For all species, a significantly higher number of NED with virological causes (rabies) was reported south of the Sambre-Meuse Valley.

Modulating skeletal muscle mass by postnatal, muscle-specific inactivation of the myostatin gene.

By using a conditional gene targeting approach exploiting the cre-lox system, we show that postnatal inactivation of the myostatin gene in striated muscle is sufficient to cause a generalized muscular hypertrophy of the same magnitude as that observed for constitutive myostatin knockout mice. This formally demonstrates that striated muscle is the production site of functional myostatin and that this member of the TGFbeta family of growth and differentiation factors regulates muscle mass not only during early embryogenesis but throughout development. It indicates that myostatin antagonist could be used to treat muscle wasting and to promote muscle growth in man and animals.

Post-mortem findings and causes of death of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded from 1990 to 2000 along the coastlines of Belgium and Northern France.

Between the years 1990 and 2000, an attempt was made to determine the causes of death of 55 harbour porpoises stranded along the Belgian and northern French coasts. From 1990 to 1996, only five carcasses were collected as against seven in 1997, eight in 1998, 27 in 1999 and eight in 2000. The sex ratio was normal and most of the animals were juvenile.

Effect of intravenous platelet-activating factor on bovine pulmonary mast cells.

The effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on bovine pulmonary mast cells (MCs) was investigated in calves aged 1-4 months. PAF was administered over a 5-min period at a rate of 50 ng/kg/min to six animals, which were killed approximately 10 min later. No macroscopical lesions were observed in the lung tissue of five control calves.

Comparative pathogenesis of acute and latent infections of calves with bovine herpesvirus types 1 and 5.

This study was conducted to compare the pathogenesis of acute and latent infections with closely related bovine herpesvirus types 1 (BHV-1) and 5 (BHV-5) in their natural host. Two groups of eight calves were inoculated intranasally with BHV-1 or BHV-5. Although BHV-1 and BHV-5 similarly replicate in the nasal mucosa after inoculation, both viruses differ markedly in their ability to cause disease, BHV-5 being responsible of some fatal encephalitis while BHV-1 inducing rhinotracheitis.

Morbillivirus in common seals stranded on the coasts of Belgium and northern France during summer 1998.

Sixteen common seals (Phoca vitulina) were stranded on the Belgian and northern French coasts during the summer of 1998. Eleven (10 pups and one adult) were sampled for histopathological, immunohistochemical, serological, bacteriological, parasitological and virological investigations. The main gross findings were severe emaciation, acute haemorrhagic enteritis, acute pneumonia, interstitial pulmonary emphysema and oedema, and chronic ulcerative stomatitis.

Heavy metals contamination and body condition of wintering guillemots (Uria aalge) at the Belgian coast from 1993 to 1998.

A sample of 166 common guillemots (Uria aalge) recovered from Belgian beaches during five wintering seasons, from 1993-1994 to 1997-1998, were examined. At necropsy, postmortem examination including body mass, fat reserves, presence or not of intestinal contents, eventual status of oiling, and pathological changes (cachexia, acute hemorrhagic gastroenteropathy (GEAH)) was attributed to each individual. Mild to severe cachexia, a pathology characterized by moderate to severe atrophy of the pectoral muscle as well as reduced amounts or absence of subcutaneous and/or abdominal fat, was observed for most specimens (85.

Pathological findings in two fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) with evidence of morbillivirus infection.

Two immature female fin whales stranded on the Belgian and French coastlines, were examined post mortem. The main gross findings were massive parasitic infestation, associated with a large thrombus in one whale, and severe emaciation. Microscopical investigations revealed multinucleated syncytia with large intranuclear inclusion bodies in various tissues, and positive immunolabelling for morbillivirus antigens.

Enzyme-histochemical detection of a chymase-like proteinase within bovine mucosal and connective tissue mast cells.

The presence of chymase-like proteinase in bovine mast cells was investigated by an enzyme-histochemical technique (naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate as substrate) in normal skin, primary bronchus, lung and duodenum. The counts and distribution of chymase-positive and toluidine blue-positive mast cells were compared by means of successive staining. Mast cells with chymase-like activity were detected in all areas, but their proportion was greater in connective than mucosal tissues, with the exception of the skin.

Experimental infection of specific pathogen-free New Zealand White rabbits with five strains of amyxomatous myxoma virus.

Myxomatosis is a specific disease of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) due to a virus belonging to the genus Leporipoxvirus. Forty-seven years after its deliberate introduction into Europe, the clinical aspects and the epizootiology of myxomatosis have changed. Two forms (nodular and amyxomatous) of the disease have been identified to date.

Detection of tryptase in bovine mast cells: comparison of enzyme- and immuno-histochemistry.

Mast cell (MC) phenotypes may vary with respect to tissue site, sensitivity to degranulating agents, dependency on T lymphocytes and, above all, the composition of their granules. Proteinases (either trypsin-like or chymotrypsin-like) are granule constituents which provide an important means of distinguishing subtypes of MCs in man and rodents. The purpose of this study was to compare the distribution of MC trypsin-like protease (tryptase) in a variety of bovine tissues with the aim of examining MC heterogeneity.

Histopathological pattern and humoral immune response to a crude exo-antigen and purified keratinase of Microsporum canis in symptomatic and asymptomatic infected cats.

In order to understand better the mechanisms involved in the diverse clinical patterns in Microsporum canis-infected cats, the histopathological features were compared in symptomatic and asymptomatic infected cats. Additionally, the IgG immune response to a crude exo-antigen and purified keratinase of M. canis was studied by ELISA in cats of various clinical and mycological status.

Pathological investigations on guillemots (Uria aalge) stranded on the Belgian coast during the winter of 1993-94.

Pathological investigations were carried out on 67 guillemots (Uria aalge) washed up on the Belgian coast between November 1993 and March 1994. Emaciation and acute haemorrhagic gastroenteropathy were observed in more than 70 per cent of the birds. There was no statistical relationship between the level of oil contamination and the severity of the lesions.

Creation of the "thymoheart" allograft: implantation of autologous thymus into the heart prior to procurement.

Background: A state of tolerance may be more easily achieved if fully vascularized and functional donor thymus is transferred to the recipient at the time of whole organ transplantation.

Methods: A composite "thymoheart" allograft was created by implanting autologous thymus into a donor heart 60-90 days before organ procurement. Successful intracardiac engraftment of autologous thymus was documented by histology and by flow cytometric analysis.

In vitro effect of glucocorticoids on phagocytic function of sheep alveolar macrophages.

The potentiation of infection is a recognized adverse effect of steroids. This study examined the in vitro effect of glucocorticoids on sheep alveolar macrophage phagocytic function, an essential means of cellular defence in the lungs, by evaluating the phagocytosis of zymosan particles after 30 min of contact between alveolar macrophages and steroids. Hydrocortisone, dexamethasone phosphate and methylprednisolone significantly reduced the phagocytic capability of sheep alveolar macrophages, but the effects of dexamethasone isonicotinate, prednisolone and flumethasone were less marked.

[The current status of organ transplantation: the role of xenotransplantation?].

In the last few years, transplantation was an area of intense research activity. However, there is a worldwide shortage of donor organs for clinical transplantations. Currently, interest in xenotransplantation research is growing not only because of the increased demand for organs but also because of advances in molecular biology techniques that make possible the genetic or immunological manipulations of the animal donor rather than the human recipient.