BCR-ABL promotes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell formation in embryonic stem cells.

Generating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has been a long-lasting quest in the field of hematopoiesis. Previous studies suggested that enforced expression of BCR-ABL, the unique oncogenic driver of chronic myelogeneous leukemia (CML), in embryonic stem cells (ESCs)-derived hematopoietic cells is sufficient to confer long-term in vivo repopulating potential. To precisely uncover the molecular events regulated by the tyrosine kinase activity of BCR-ABL1 (p210) during the course of hematopoietic differentiation, we engineered a Tet-ON inducible system to modulate its expression in murine ESCs (mESCs).

miR-495-3p sensitizes BCR-ABL1-expressing leukemic cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors by targeting multidrug resistance 1 gene in T315I mutated cells.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoietic malignancy driven by the BCR-ABL1 fusion oncoprotein. The development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has deeply increased long-term survival of CML patients. Nonetheless, one patient out of four will switch TKI off owing either to drug intolerance or resistance partly due to amplification or mutations of BCR-ABL1 oncogene and alteration in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters.

Diagnosing diabetic foot osteomyelitis in patients without signs of soft tissue infection by coupling hybrid 67Ga SPECT/CT with bedside percutaneous bone puncture.

Objective: Successful treatment of osteomyelitis is more likely with accurate diagnosis and identification of the causative pathogens. This typically requires obtaining a specimen of bone, usually by image-guided biopsy. We sought to develop a simpler bedside method for definitively diagnosing osteomyelitis.

Temporal interferon-gamma release response to Mycobacterium kansasii infection in an anorexia nervosa patient.

Due to the differences in the management of Mycobacterium kansasii disease and tuberculosis, an accurate diagnosis is required. This report, which describes what we believe to be the first documented case of M. kansasii infection in a patient suffering from anorexia nervosa, sheds light on the possible occurrence of a non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection that can mimic tuberculosis, on the risk of a misleading interpretation of interferon-gamma release assays, and on the temporal response to these tests.

Infective endocarditis due to Citrobacter koseri in an immunocompetent adult.

Citrobacter koseri (formerly Citrobacter diversus) is a motile gram-negative bacillus usually arising from urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. C. koseri rarely causes infection in immunocompetent patients and, thus far, has been considered an opportunistic pathogen.

Acute appendicitis, an unusual presentation of Streptococcus pyogenes infection.

The incidence of invasive streptococcal pyogenic infections has been on a worldwide increase. The most frequent clinical manifestations start with cutaneous septicemias. We report an unusual case of Streptococcus pyogenes-based septicemia, secondary to appendicitis with rapidly evolving peritonitis.

Should we change antibiotic prophylaxis for lung surgery? Postoperative pneumonia is the critical issue.

Background: The recommended antibiotic prophylaxis by second-generation cephalosporins reduces the incidence of wound infection and empyema, but its effectiveness on postoperative pneumonias (POPs) after major lung resection lacks demonstration. We investigated risk factors and characteristics of POPs occurring when antibiotic prophylaxis by second-generation cephalosporin or an alternative prophylaxis targeting organisms responsible for bronchial colonization was used.

Methods: An 18-month prospective study on all patients undergoing lung resections for noninfectious disease was performed.

Postoperative pneumonia after major lung resection.

Background: Postoperative pneumonia (POP) is a life-threatening complication of lung resection. The incidence, causative bacteria, predisposing factors, and outcome are poorly understood.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Characterization of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (CTX-M-15)-producing strains of Salmonella enterica isolated in France and Senegal.

Three clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica recovered between 2000 and 2003 in France and Senegal were found to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-15. The two isolates from Senegal were recovered from stool of a hospitalized patient with gastroenteritis in 2000 and from an urine specimen of an out-patient with urinary tract infection in 2001. These S.

[Influence of nutritional status on development of nosocomial pneumonia in case of acute decompensation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases].

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the incidence of nutritional status on the development of nosocomial pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suffering an acute episode of respiratory failure requiring ventilatory assistance.

Patients And Methods: The study included 48 patients with COPD who were hospitalized in an intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure requiring ventilatory assistance. Nutritional status was assessed within 24 hours of admission to the intensive care unit.

[Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease in children. Preventive measures].

Two immunocompromised children, aged 3 years and 1 1/2 month, developed an hospital-acquired Legionnaire's disease. In one case, Legionella pneumophila serotype 1 was identified by culture in pleural fluid; LP1 was isolated in all the warm water samples in the hospital. Clinical, epidemiological data and laboratory findings are discussed.

[Preoperative skin preparation. A prospective study comparing a depilatory agent in shaving].

Two types of pre-operative skin preparation were compared in a prospective randomized study conducted on 100 patients undergoing elective surgery: 51 patients were shaven (group I) and 49 were prepared with a depilatory agent. In all cases skin preparation was performed on the eve of the operation. Bacterial density, measured immediately before surgery by application of a contact agar preparation was 493 +/- 928 CFU in group I and 386 +/- 670 CFU in group II (NS).

[Postoperative infection of fractures of the upper end of the femur].

This series comprises 74 post-operative infections of fractures of the upper end of the femur, 47 associated with internal fixation and 27 with prostheses. The organisms were different in the 13 men, with a predominance of gram-positive cocci, from those in the 61 women in which the significantly high proportion of gram-negative organisms seemed to be due frequent to soiling of urinary origin. In the 47 internal fixations, local wound toilet gave 29 successful results with union in the normal time.

[Tibiotarsal arthrodesis in a septic milieu].

The authors have performed 28 ankle fusions for septic causes. There were 23 cases of septic arthritis and 5 severely comminuted compound fractures treated by primary fusion. Arthrodesis was made after wide excision and stabilization by external fixator.

[Arthritis of the hip in paraplegic patients. Apropos of 8 cases].

Eight instances of septic arthritis of the hip were treated in 6 paraplegics. On each occasion the hip had been infected through a nearby ulcer. In 2 cases the diagnosis was only made at operation because signs of a severe infection are not obvious in paraplegics.

[Seroepidemiology of herpesvirus hominis and cytomegalovirus infections in the first 4 years of life (author's transl)].

Two hundred children and their mothers were examined when they were 10 months, 2 years and 4 years of age. Anti-cytomegalovirus, anti-Herpesvirus hominis and anti-rubella virus antibodies were titered. The evolution of antibody titers showed that primary infections with cytomegalovirus and Herpesvirus are especially frequent during the first months of life, and that mothers are the principal source of infection.