Is There a Need to Reassess Protein Intake Recommendations Following Metabolic Bariatric Surgery?

Purpose Of Review: Protein intake is recognized as a key nutritional factor crucial for optimizing Metabolic Bariatric Surgery (MBS) outcomes by preventing protein malnutrition, preserving fat-free mass, and inducing satiety. This paper discusses the current evidence regarding protein intake and its impact on clinical outcomes following MBS.

Recent Findings: There are considerable gaps in the understanding of protein requirements following MBS, as existing guidelines are based on limited and inconsistent reports.

A new method for detecting mixed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and reconstructing constituent strains provides insights into transmission.

Background: Mixed infection with multiple strains of the same pathogen in a single host can present clinical and analytical challenges. Whole genome sequence (WGS) data can identify signals of multiple strains in samples, though the precision of previous methods can be improved. Here, we present MixInfect2, a new tool to accurately detect mixed samples from Mycobacterium tuberculosis short-read WGS data.

Model-Assisted Spleen Contouring for Assessing Splenomegaly in Myelofibrosis: A Fast and Reproducible Approach to Evaluate Progression and Treatment Response.

: Accurate and reproducible spleen volume measurements are essential for assessing treatment response and disease progression in myelofibrosis. This study evaluates techniques for measuring spleen volume on abdominal MRI. : In 20 patients with bone marrow biopsy-proven myelofibrosis, 5 observers independently measured spleen volume on 3 abdominal MRI pulse sequences, 3D-spoiled gradient echo T1, axial single-shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) T2, and coronal SSFSE T2, using ellipsoidal approximation, manual contouring, and 3D nnU-Net model-assisted contouring comparing coefficients of variation.

Factors associated with tuberculosis treatment initiation among bacteriologically negative individuals evaluated for tuberculosis: An individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background: Globally, over one-third of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease diagnoses are made based on clinical criteria after a negative bacteriological test result. There is limited information on the factors that determine clinicians' decisions to initiate TB treatment when initial bacteriological test results are negative.

Methods And Findings: We performed a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis using studies conducted between January 2010 and December 2022 (PROSPERO: CRD42022287613).

The Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment on Arrhythmias: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial in Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices.

This double-blind randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) on cardiac arrhythmias in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Participants (n = 41) with CIEDs were randomly assigned to either the OMT group or the control group (light touch/sham) and received a one-time intervention. No significant change in arrhythmia burden was found in the 1 month following intervention ( = .

Tiled Amplicon Sequencing Enables Culture-free Whole-Genome Sequencing of Pathogenic Bacteria From Clinical Specimens.

Pathogen sequencing is an important tool for disease surveillance and demonstrated its high value during the COVID-19 pandemic. Viral sequencing during the pandemic allowed us to track disease spread, quickly identify new variants, and guide the development of vaccines. Tiled amplicon sequencing, in which a panel of primers is used for multiplex amplification of fragments across an entire genome, was the cornerstone of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing.

Photocatalytic Semiconductor-Metal Hybrid Nanoparticles: Single-Atom Catalyst Regime Surpasses Metal Tips.

Semiconductor-metal hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) are promising materials for photocatalytic applications, such as water splitting for green hydrogen generation. While most studies have focused on Cd containing HNPs, the realization of actual applications will require environmentally compatible systems. Using heavy-metal free ZnSe-Au HNPs as a model, we investigate the dependence of their functionality and efficiency on the cocatalyst metal domain characteristics ranging from the single-atom catalyst (SAC) regime to metal-tipped systems.

Exploring adolescents' experiences navigating the intersection of their gender, sport, and dietary identities: an interpretative phenomenological study.

Not all adolescents have positive sport experiences. Research has repeatedly identified ties between unfavorable eating patterns and food beliefs (i.e.

Juvenile Incarceration in an Adult Facility and Violent Victimization During Adulthood.

Introduction: A growing body of research indicates that being incarcerated in an adult jail or prison as a juvenile can elevate one's exposure to adverse childhood experiences, including violent and sexual victimization and neglect, and may lead to several long-term difficulties. This study investigates the relationship between being confined in an adult jail or prison as a minor and experiencing violent victimization as an adult.

Methods: Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 cohort were used in the study.

Surveillance for TB drug resistance using routine rapid diagnostic testing data: Methodological development and application in Brazil.

Effectively responding to drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) requires accurate and timely information on resistance levels and trends. In contexts where use of drug susceptibility testing has not been universal (i.e.

Elongated Particles Show a Preferential Uptake in Invasive Cancer Cells.

Mechanically driven cellular preference for drug carriers can enhance selectivity in cancer therapy, underscoring the importance of understanding the physical aspects of particle uptake. In this study, it was hypothesized that elongated particles might be preferentially taken up by deformable, aggressive cancer cells compared to normal cells. Two film-stretching methods were tested for 0.

The Risk of Pneumothorax With Intrapleural Urokinase in Children With Parapneumonic Effusion.

Aim: Fibrinolytic therapy is commonly used in children with parapneumonic effusion, to facilitate drainage of the effusions and recovery. However, data regarding complications of this treatment in children are limited. We aimed to determine the incidence of pneumothorax (PNX) associated with intrapleural urokinase.

TGV: suite of tools to visualize transmission graphs.

Graph structures are often used to visualize transmission networks generated using genomic epidemiological methods. However, tools to interactively visualize these graphs do not exist. A browser-based tool allowing users to load and interactively visualize transmission graphs was developed in JavaScript.

Gaps in Workplace Injury Reporting Among Physicians to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Objective: To identify gaps in nonfatal injury and illness (NII) reporting between physicians and other occupations.

Methods: Bureau of Labor Statistics data (2011-2019) were analyzed, comparing annualized NII incidence rates using incidence rate ratios (IRR), with physicians as the reference.

Results: Between 2011-2019, physicians reported significantly lower NII rates compared to high-hazard non-medical occupations (IRR 17.

The environmental neuroactive chemicals list of prioritized substances for human biomonitoring and neurotoxicity testing: A database and high-throughput toxicokinetics approach.

There is a diversity of chemicals to which humans are potentially exposed. Few of these chemicals have linked human biomonitoring data, and most have very limited neurotoxicity testing. Of particular concern are environmental exposures impacting children, who constitute a population of heightened susceptibility due to rapid neural growth and plasticity, yet lack biomonitoring data compared to other age/population subgroups.

Signatures of transmission in within-host Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex variation: a retrospective genomic epidemiology study.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species evolve slowly, so isolates from individuals linked in transmission often have identical or nearly identical genomes, making it difficult to reconstruct transmission chains. Finding additional sources of shared MTBC variation could help overcome this problem. Previous studies have reported MTBC diversity within infected individuals; however, whether within-host variation improves transmission inferences remains unclear.

Rethinking Surgical Safety: Investigating the Impact of Gamified Training on Severe Flow Disruptions in Surgery.

Objectives: There is a need for effective and engaging training methods to enhance technical and nontechnical skills in robotic-assisted surgery (RAS), where deficiencies can compromise safety and efficiency. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a gamified team training intervention, the "RAS Olympics," on the safety and efficiency of RAS procedures.

Methods: The study was conducted at a 958-bed tertiary care academic medical center in with a robust robotic surgery program.

Sustained pain relief from radiofrequency ablation of the superior cluneal nerves using a bipolar palisade technique: A case report.

Previous authors have described the anatomy of the superior cluneal nerves with medial, intermediate, and lateral branches as they pass over the iliac crest. Prior authors describe a technique for radiofrequency of the superior cluneal nerves with needle placement walking off of the superior border of the iliac crest with needle redirection by sensory testing and a monopolar radiofrequency lesion. This is a case report of a patient with sustained pain relief after performing a radiofrequency ablation of the superior cluneal nerves utilizing a bipolar palisade technique.

Interdisciplinary Operating Room Ergonomics Needs and Priorities: A Survey of Operating Room Staff.

Objective: To examine perceived OR ergonomics facilitators and barriers, with a focus on the interdisciplinary team.

Summary Background Data: Poor ergonomics causes musculoskeletal injuries affecting all operating room (OR) staff with repercussions on patient care, outcomes, and sustainability. Lack of ergonomic awareness and education are risk factors.

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB outcomes in the United States: a Bayesian analysis.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) cases and deaths in the United States fluctuated substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed multiple data sources to understand the factors contributing to these changes and estimated future TB trends.

Methods: We identified four mechanisms potentially contributing to observed TB trends during 2020-2023: immigration, respiratory contact rates, rates of accurate diagnosis and treatment initiation, and mortality rates for persons with TB disease.

Weight-control compensatory behaviors patterns and correlates: a scoping review.

Objective: Weight-control compensatory behaviors appear to be a commonly utilized strategy for health management. Individuals engaging in such behaviors believe that the negative consequences from unhealthy behaviors will be neutralized by the positive consequences of healthy behaviors. Existing research has not reached a consensus on whether such behaviors are beneficial to health.