Hybrid Closed Loop Using a Do-It-Yourself Artificial Pancreas System in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: There is increasing use of open-source artificial pancreas systems (APS) in the management of Type 1 diabetes. Our aim was to assess the safety and efficacy of the automated insulin delivery system AndroidAPS (AAPS), compared with stand-alone pump therapy in people with type 1 diabetes. The primary outcome was the difference in the percentage of time in range (TIR, 70-180 mg/dL).

Factors Associated With Fecal Calprotectin Sample Collection Compliance: An IBD Center Quality Improvement Project.

Background: Fecal calprotectin (Fcal) is a noninvasive, inexpensive biomarker of disease activity. However, patient compliance with this test is variable and incompletely described. We assessed compliance rates with Fcal tests and identified factors associated with noncompliance.

Sepsis and postoperative surgical site infections.

Surgical site infections remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. High-quality evidence supports several measures to prevent surgical site infections that should be applied with high compliance, although effective application remains suboptimal. Recognizing high-risk patients and avoiding potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of surgical site infections is paramount in preventing progression to sepsis, particularly in emergency surgical patients with physiologic derangement.

The Psychological Science Accelerator's COVID-19 rapid-response dataset.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments.

Food production and resource use of urban farms and gardens: a five-country study.

Unlabelled: There is a lack of data on resources used and food produced at urban farms. This hampers attempts to quantify the environmental impacts of urban agriculture or craft policies for sustainable food production in cities. To address this gap, we used a citizen science approach to collect data from 72 urban agriculture sites, representing three types of spaces (urban farms, collective gardens, individual gardens), in five countries (France, Germany, Poland, United Kingdom, and United States).

The Value of Preoperative Multichannel Urodynamic Testing for Detecting Occult Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women Undergoing Prolapse Repair Surgery.

Background: Diagnosing occult stress urinary incontinence (OSUI) prior to surgical intervention for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair may allow for adding an anti-incontinence procedure and thus prevent postoperative SUI.

Objectives: To compare preoperative detection rates for OSUI by either a multichannel urodynamic investigation or by a plain pelvic examination.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical charts of all women who underwent urodynamic investigation prior to surgical repair of advanced POP at our institution between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2012.

Implementing a screening algorithm for early recognition of sepsis in hospitalized children: a quality improvement project.

Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in children. Utilizing a screening tool for early recognition of sepsis is recommended. Our centre had no screening tool for sepsis nor a standardized protocol for sepsis management.

Deep Brain Stimulation of the Centromedian Nucleus of the Thalamus for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Analysis.

Background: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe childhood-onset pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus (CMN) has been utilized.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) analysis to characterize outcomes of DBS of CMN in LGS.

Beta-glucans induce cellular immune training and changes in intestinal morphology in poultry.

Introduction: Beta-glucans are known as biological response modifiers due to their ability to activate the immune system. This research aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of feeding beta-glucans from various sources on the immune status and intestinal morphology of chickens.

Methods: To this end we used and set-ups.

Endoscopic Transoral Outlet Reduction for the Treatment of Biliary Reflux Symptoms in Patients After One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass-a Case Series.

Purpose: OAGB is the third most common bariatric surgery. Biliary reflux (BR) is an inherent complication of this unique anatomy, although there is still controversy regarding its significance and long-term risks including carcinogenesis. To date, there is no effective treatment for BR with conversion to RYGB reserved for refractory patients.

Citizens' reactions to global crises: a longitudinal study during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel.

Unlabelled: This paper investigated citizens' reactions to global crises using the COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment. Theories in this field are controversial and thus knowledge on such reactions, their evolution, drivers, and consequences is limited. Building on several socio-psychological foundations such as trust building theories, the fear appeal theory, the theory of planned behavior, and the spillover theory, we explain developments in three major human responses: (1) perceptual and attitudinal responses such as trust in governance and interpersonal trust; (2) emotional responses such as fear of crises; and (3) behavioral responses such as civic engagement.

Trends in Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Use in Cardiogenic Shock After the SHOCK-II Trial.

Myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (MI-CS) has a poor prognosis, even with early revascularization. Previously, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use was thought to improve outcomes, but the IABP-SHOCK-II (Intra-aortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock-II study) trial found no survival benefit. We aimed to determine the trends in IABP use in patients who underwent percutaneous intervention over time.

Workers' Health under Algorithmic Management: Emerging Findings and Urgent Research Questions.

Algorithms are increasingly used instead of humans to perform core management functions, yet public health research on the implications of this phenomenon for worker health and well-being has not kept pace with these changing work arrangements. Algorithmic management has the potential to influence several dimensions of job quality with known links to worker health, including workload, income security, task significance, schedule stability, socioemotional rewards, interpersonal relations, decision authority, and organizational trust. To describe the ways algorithmic management may influence workers' health, this review summarizes available literature from public health, sociology, management science, and human-computer interaction studies, highlighting the dimensions of job quality associated with work stress and occupational safety.

A toolbox for systematic discovery of stable and transient protein interactors in baker's yeast.

Identification of both stable and transient interactions is essential for understanding protein function and regulation. While assessing stable interactions is more straightforward, capturing transient ones is challenging. In recent years, sophisticated tools have emerged to improve transient interactor discovery, with many harnessing the power of evolved biotin ligases for proximity labelling.

An Unusual Presentation of HCC in a Patient with No Underlying Liver Disease: A Case Study.

Pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma (P-HCC) is a rare subtype of HCC. P-HCC may occur in patients without underlying liver cirrhosis and can be present with negative serum tumor markers. With a growing worldwide incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, non-cirrhotic HCC will likely become more prevalent.

The link between emotion regulation and size estimation of spiders pictures among women with fear of spiders.

Introduction: Fear is associated with perceptual biases. People who are afraid of spiders perceive spiders as larger than people without this fear. It is yet unclear, however, whether this effect can be influenced by using implicit (non-deliberate) emotion regulation (ER) processes and explicit (deliberate) ER strategies, such as reappraisal and suppression.

An experimental and theoretical approach to understand the interaction between particles and mucosal tissues.

Nanonization of poorly water-soluble drugs has shown great potential in improving their oral bioavailability by increasing drug dissolution rate and adhesion to the gastrointestinal mucus. However, the fundamental features that govern the particle-mucus interactions have not been investigated in a systematic way before. In this work, we synthesize mucin hydrogels that mimic those of freshly excised porcine mucin.

Microbial metabolite succinate activates solitary chemosensory cells in the human sinonasal epithelium.

Background: Succinate, although most famous for its role in the Krebs cycle, can be released extracellularly as a signal of cellular distress, particularly in situations of metabolic stress and inflammation. Solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) express SUCNR1, the succinate receptor, and modulate type 2 inflammatory responses in helminth and protozoal infections in the small intestine. SCCs are the dominant epithelial source of interleukin-25, as well as an important source of cysteinyl leukotrienes in the airway, and have been implicated as upstream agents in type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma.

Association of Systemic Chemotherapy Approaches With Outcomes in Appendiceal Peritoneal Metastases.

Introduction: Many patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) for appendiceal adenocarcinoma peritoneal metastases (APM) undergo preoperative systemic chemotherapy. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate differences in oncologic outcomes among two popular chemotherapy approaches in patients with APM undergoing CRS-HIPEC.

Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective review of patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC for APM due to high or intermediate grade disease between 2013 and 2019.

Analyzing Adherence to the 2016 Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines for Candidemia in Cancer Patients.

Background: Candidemia is associated with morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. We analyzed adherence to the 2016 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) candidiasis guidelines and the reasons for guideline nonadherence. We also investigated whether matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) improved time to effective antifungal therapy compared with historical data (median, 43.

Refining triage practices by predicting the need for emergent care following major trauma: the experience of a level 1 adult trauma center.

Purpose: We examined the predictability of selected parameters for establishing the need for urgent care following multi-trauma as a means to warrant the highest level of trauma activation and potentially improve over- and under-triage rates.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study of multi-trauma patients aged ≥ 16 years performed at a level 1 trauma center, trauma activation criteria and additional characteristics were examined with respect to treatment urgency, defined as: a direct disposition to the operating room or intensive care unit, initiating acute intervention in the trauma room, and in-hospital death within 7 days of admission.

Results: We enrolled 1373 patients (median age 36.

Cognitive Reappraisal Reduces the Influence of Threat on Food Craving.

Cognitive reappraisal is perhaps the most researched emotion regulation strategy. It involves reinterpreting emotional content to reduce its impact. While many studies have demonstrated that cognitive reappraisal reduces negative affect, the utility of cognitive reappraisal in buffering against the consequences of negative affect on subsequent behaviors and attitudes is not clear.

Treat-to-target and sequencing therapies in Crohn's disease.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory condition which can negatively impact a patient's quality of life. The traditional management strategy for CD has focused on symptomatic control, however, this approach fails to prevent organ damage and to change the progressive course of this disease. Thus, the field has moved towards a treat-to-target strategy that includes identifying individualized objective targets, choosing a therapy based on individual factors that include disease severity and risk, closely monitoring disease activity at predefined time points, and optimizing therapies as needed.