Efficacy and toxicity of anti-vascular endothelial growth receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with neuroendocrine tumours - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) have been tested in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) over the last two decades, no study to date has benchmarked efficacy and toxicity of these drugs in this patient population.

Methods: All phase II and phase III studies of anti-VEGF RTKIs in patients with NETs, published between January 1, 2000 andJuly 31, 2021, across major trial databases, were searched in August 2021 for relevant studies. The primary objectives of the meta-analysis were to compare objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) between patients with pancreatic NETs (pNETs) and extra-pancreatic NETs (epNETs), and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of adverse events between patients receiving anti-VEGF RTKIs and control.

Comparison of Design, Eligibility, and Outcomes of Neuroendocrine Neoplasm Trials Initiated From 2000 to 2009 vs 2010 to 2020.

Importance: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) have historically been grouped homogenously in clinical trials, despite their heterogeneity. Given the adoption of a more advanced pathologic classification system and drug licensure of several targeted therapies over the last decade, information is needed on whether study characteristics of NEN studies have evolved.

Objective: To assess changes in study design, eligibility, accrual, sponsorship, and outcomes between phase II or III NEN clinical trials that began enrollment from 2000 to 2009 vs 2010 to 2020.