Spontaneous regression of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma following COVID-19 infection and vaccination: a case report and review of literature.

Background: Spontaneous regression (SR) of cancer remains a rare phenomenon, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where limited literature exists. This case report emphasizes the significance of SR in advanced HCC, shedding light on the proposed mechanisms and addressing the scarcity of documented cases in current medical literature.

Case Description: We present the case of a 67-year-old female with a history of localized HCC who underwent right hepatectomy.

Minimal residual disease monitoring via ctDNA: a case report of Lynch syndrome with synchronous colorectal cancer and review of literature.

Background: The investigation of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a substitute for minimal residual disease (MRD) has been a central focus in various clinical trials, with findings highlighting its effectiveness as a sensitive marker for detecting recurrence. In 2018, a joint review by the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the College of American Pathologists acknowledged a lack of current evidence guiding clinical decisions regarding ctDNA. Nevertheless, there are a multitude of ongoing studies exploring the future applications of ctDNA and its role in clinical decision making for select patient populations.

Rechallenge With Switching Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Following Autoimmune Myocarditis in a Patient With Lynch Syndrome.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) induce profound benefits in cancer patients with mismatch repair gene mutations or high levels of microsatellite instability. Herein, we present a case of a patient with history of Muir-Torre/Lynch syndrome and metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma in the presence of an MSH2 gene mutation. The patient was initially treated with a PD-1 inhibitor, pembrolizumab, but developed grade 4 myocarditis requiring treatment with infliximab and a prolonged steroid taper.

Pemigatinib for adults with previously treated, locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements.

Biliary tract cancers are a diverse and aggressive malignancy that carry a poor chance for curative treatment and significant associated mortality. Current first-line treatment only extends median overall survival to roughly 1 year and is associated with a significant adverse event profile. Recently, advancements in genetic sequencing have opened new avenues of targeted treatment.

Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres in Cancer Confers a Vulnerability to Reactivation of p53 Function.

Unlabelled: A subset of cancers across multiple histologies with predominantly poor outcomes use the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism to maintain telomere length, which can be identified with robust biomarkers. ALT has been reported to be prevalent in high-risk neuroblastoma and certain sarcomas, and ALT cancers are a major clinical challenge that lack targeted therapeutic approaches. Here, we found ALT in a variety of pediatric and adult cancer histologies, including carcinomas.

ALT neuroblastoma chemoresistance due to telomere dysfunction-induced ATM activation is reversible with ATM inhibitor AZD0156.

Cancers overcome replicative immortality by activating either telomerase or an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism. ALT occurs in ~25% of high-risk neuroblastomas, and progression in patients with ALT neuroblastoma during or after front-line therapy is frequent and often fatal. Temozolomide + irinotecan is commonly used as salvage therapy for neuroblastoma.

Pancreatic cancer cell lines as patient-derived avatars: genetic characterisation and functional utility.

Objective: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a therapy recalcitrant disease with the worst survival rate of common solid tumours. Preclinical models that accurately reflect the genetic and biological diversity of PDAC will be important for delineating features of tumour biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities.

Design: 27 primary PDAC tumours were employed for genetic analysis and development of tumour models.

Integrated Patient-Derived Models Delineate Individualized Therapeutic Vulnerabilities of Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) harbors the worst prognosis of any common solid tumor, and multiple failed clinical trials indicate therapeutic recalcitrance. Here, we use exome sequencing of patient tumors and find multiple conserved genetic alterations. However, the majority of tumors exhibit no clearly defined therapeutic target.