Dissecting the genetic diversity of cultivated tomato () germplasm resources: a comparison of ddRADseq genotyping and microsatellite analysis via capillary electrophoresis and high-resolution melting.

Unlabelled: Understanding the genetic diversity of crops is of fundamental importance for the efficient use and improvement of germplasm resources. Different molecular genotyping systems have been implemented for population structure and phylogenetic relationships analyses, among which, microsatellites (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers have been the most widely used. This study reports the efficacy of SNPs detected via double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) and SSRs analyzed via capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-resolution melting (HRM) in tomato.

The governance behaviours: a proposed approach for the alignment of the public and private sectors for better health outcomes.

Health systems are 'the ensemble of all public and private organisations, institutions and resources mandated to improve, maintain or restore health.' The private sector forms a major part of healthcare practice in many health systems providing a wide range of health goods and services, with significant growth across low-income and middle-income countries. WHO sees building stronger and more effective health systems through the participation and engagement of all health stakeholders as the pathway to further reducing the burden of disease and meeting health targets and the Sustainable Development Goals.

Harnessing Crop Diversity through Genetics, Genomics and Phenomics Approaches.

Developing resilient cultivars ensuring adequate productions will be the agriculture industry's primary challenge in the coming decades to ensure food security, especially with climate change and a growing global population [...

Challenges and opportunities for more efficient water use and circular wastewater management. The case of Campania Region, Italy.

By 2050, global demand for water is expected to increase by some 55% due to population growth and urbanization. The utilization of large amounts of freshwater in the world, generate huge volumes of wastewater of which, globally, more than 80% is discharged without treatment, thus causing impacts on aquatic ecosystems, human health and economic productivity. More sustainable practices of wastewater management are expected as a way towards circular bioeconomy (CBE) processes, whose goal is to implement closed systems promoting the systematic use of recycling, reuse and recovery of bioproducts and by-products and the reduction of waste generation.

Is effective patient support missing in the global response to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis?

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a threat to the achievement of the global targets to the World Health Organization (WHO) End TB by 2030 Strategy. The WHO consolidated guidelines for the treatment of drug-resistant TB emphasise the importance of addressing health systems issues, including supporting patients during treatment, contributing to improved adherence, reduced catastrophic costs and better treatment outcomes. The recently published results of the STREAM (Standardised Treatment Regimen of Anti-TB Drugs for Patients with MDR-TB) clinical trial and the Delamanid 213 Trial suggest that the implementation of a proper patient-centred approach to the clinical and programmatic management of MDR-TB as per the WHO guidelines is key to improving treatment outcomes in MDR-TB patients.

No universal access to drug-resistant tuberculosis care without engaging all health care providers.

Should the engagement of all health care providers in all aspects of programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (PMDT) become a priority in the national strategic plans for tuberculosis (TB), progress towards universal access to diagnosis, treatment and care of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) would accelerate. This would be especially crucial in countries where the private sector is a significant provider of health services. Proven successful interventions to engage all health care providers and partners in the cascade of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care of DR-TB patients need to be urgently scaled up.

An assessment of current tuberculosis patient care and support policies in high-burden countries.

Adherence to treatment for tuberculosis (TB) is an important predictor of treatment outcomes. The World Health Organization guidelines recommend a patient-centred approach to adherence support; however, the extent to which policies in high-burden countries facilitate this approach remains uncertain. A cross-sectional survey of current national patient care and support policies in high TB burden countries was performed.

Experience in the evaluation of children with hepatosplenomegaly at a teaching ambulatory, São Paulo, Brazil.

Objectives: Describe cases of children with hepatosplenomegaly (HS) attended at the General Pediatric Teaching Ambulatory (AGER) of Instituto da Criança, São Paulo, identifying the main causes, evolution, necessity for hospitalization and/or referral to specialists.

Methodology: Retrospective analysis of the records of children presenting HS on admission at AGER from September 1, 1993 to August 31, 1996.

Results: Of the 89 children included (age range, 1 to 148 months; 24 months), 64 (72%) were referred from other services for HS investigation.

Primary hyperparathyroidism in children: patient report and review of the literature.

Although primary hyperparathyroidism has rarely been described in pediatric patients, prompt diagnosis can avoid severe CNS and metabolic consequences. The aim of this paper is to report a 6 year-old girl whose first symptoms began at eight days of age with cyanosis, hypotonia, and upward gaze deviation. At 4 months, she was admitted due to neurologic disorders and recurrent infection, but the definite diagnosis was made only six years later.

Immunodiagnoses of community-acquired pneumonia in childhood.

A diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia requires isolation of the pathogen from blood, lung or tracheal aspirate; however, cultures of blood and pleural fluid samples are usually insensitive. Thus, in the majority of patients the etiology is rarely determined. A total of 840 pleural fluid effusion samples from children with clinical and laboratory diagnoses of acute bacterial pneumonia were evaluated by Dot-ELISA.

Dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) for detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens in pleural fluid effusion samples. Comparison with bacterial culture, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and latex agglutination.

A dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) for pneumococcal antigen detection was standardized in view of the need for a rapid and accurate immunodiagnosis of acute pneumococcal pneumonia. A total of 442 pleural fluid effusion samples (PFES) from children with clinical and laboratory diagnoses of acute bacterial pneumonia, plus 38 control PFES from tuberculosis patients and 20 negative control serum samples from healthy children were evaluated by Dot-ELISA. The samples were previously treated with 0.