Publications by authors named "Cockburn J"
One's ability to infer the goals and intentions of others is crucial for social interactions, and such social capabilities are broadly distributed across individuals. Autism-like traits (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To investigate the effectiveness of education for people with shoulder pain.
Design: Systematic review LITERATURE SEARCH: We searched several databases (e.g.
Background: Intraductal carcinoma (IDC) and cribriform pattern (Crib) of prostate cancer are recognised as independent prognosticators of poor outcome, both in prostate biopsies and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the predictive value of Free-to-total PSA ratio (FPSAR) in identifying missed IDC/Crib at the time of biopsy as compared to the final surgical specimen.
Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent RP between January 2015 and December 2022 were included in the study.
Current feedback models advocate learner autonomy in seeking, processing, and responding to feedback so that medical students can become feedback-literate. Feedback literacy improves learners' motivation, engagement, and satisfaction, which in turn enhance their competencies. However, there is a lack of an objective method of measuring medical student feedback literacy in the empirical literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUndetected Cribriform and Intraductal Prostate Cancer at biopsy is associated with adverse outcomes.
Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis
October 2024
Background: Intraductal carcinoma (IDC) and cribriform pattern (Crib) of prostate cancer are increasingly recognized as independent prognosticators of poor outcome, both in prostate biopsies and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens.
Objective: The aim of our project is to assess the impact of false negative biopsies for these two characteristics on oncological outcomes.
Material And Methods: Patients who underwent RP between January 2015 and December 2022 were included in the study.
In Canada and across the globe, access to PSMA PET/CT is limited and expensive. For patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after treatment for prostate cancer, novel strategies are needed to better stratify patients who may or may not benefit from a PSMA PET scan. The role of the free-to-total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ratio (FPSAR) in posttreatment prostate cancer, specifically in the PSMA PET/CT era, remains unknown.
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- The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted cardiovascular disease management in England, particularly affecting blood pressure screening and hypertension management.
- A study analyzed data from 25.2 million NHS patients, showing a decline in blood pressure screening from 90% in March 2019 to 85% in March 2023, while hypertension prevalence remained stable at about 15%.
- Treatment percentages for hypertension also dropped significantly during the pandemic, with patients aged ≤79 years treated to target falling from 71% to 47% and those aged ≥80 years from 85% to 58% before showing signs of recovery.
Purpose: To compare disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) among muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) patients receiving adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) versus placebo/observation following radical surgery.
Methods: This was a systematic review/meta-analysis of all published phase 3 randomized controlled trials. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane were searched from inception until April 4, 2024.
Background/objectives: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an inflammatory vascular disease in which prompt and accurate diagnosis is critical. The efficacy of temporal artery biopsy (TAB) is limited by 'skip' lesions and a delay in histological analysis. This first-in-man ex-vivo study aims to assess the accuracy of optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) in diagnosing GCA.
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- * In the OpenSAFELY-TPP database, 78.2% of patients had their ethnicity recorded in primary care as of January 2022, with higher rates in women and those with serious health conditions.
- * The primary care ethnicity data closely matched the 2021 UK census data, with a high consistency found among patients with multiple ethnicity records, particularly indicating issues with classification for those recorded as "Other."
Article Synopsis
- - The study examines how the Covid-19 pandemic influenced the rates of group A streptococcal infections and related antibiotic prescriptions in primary care practices across England from January 2018 to March 2023.
- - Significant findings show that infections and antibiotic prescriptions peaked in December 2022, surpassing levels seen during the 2017-18 season, with notable increases in rates for sore throat, scarlet fever, and invasive infections.
- - The research highlights a concerning trend, reporting that the rate ratios for infections and prescriptions in the 2022-23 season were considerably higher compared to the pre-pandemic period, suggesting lasting impacts from the pandemic on public health.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with commissural alignment aims to limit the risk of coronary occlusion and maintain good coronary access. However, due to coronary origin eccentricity within the coronary cusp, coronary-commissural overlap (CCO) may still occur. TAVI using coronary alignment, rather than commissural alignment, may further improve coronary access.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo navigate our complex social world, it is crucial to deploy multiple learning strategies, such as learning from directly experiencing action outcomes or from observing other people's behavior. Despite the prevalence of experiential and observational learning in humans and other social animals, it remains unclear how people favor one strategy over the other depending on the environment, and how individuals vary in their strategy use. Here, we describe an arbitration mechanism in which the prediction errors associated with each learning strategy influence their weight over behavior.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Breast cancer (BC) is frequently diagnosed among Canadian women. While targeted therapies are available for most BC patients; treatment resistance is common and novel therapeutic targets are of interest. Thyroid hormones (TH) bound to thyroid hormone receptors (THR) influence cell proliferation and differentiation; they are also involved in the growth and development of normal breast tissue.
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- Electronic health records (EHRs) are essential for researching medical products and informing public health, but reproducibility in EHR research is a significant challenge.
- OpenSAFELY is an open-source software platform created during the COVID-19 pandemic to improve the reproducibility of research using EHRs by standardizing workflows and ensuring consistent computational environments.
- The platform promotes transparency by enforcing code-sharing, providing an audit trail for data usage, and integrating tools that support reproducible research practices.
Article Synopsis
- Some patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) require total duodenectomy due to extensive polyposis or cancer, with a need for ongoing endoscopic monitoring of the jejunum and stomach post-surgery.
- In a study involving 119 patients, 41% developed jejunal adenomas after surgery, particularly those who had pancreas-preserving total duodenectomy (PPTD), while 30% were found to have gastric adenomas.
- The findings emphasize a significant risk of developing adenomas and cancers in the remaining gastrointestinal tract after surgery, underscoring the importance of regular surveillance to manage potential complications and poor cancer prognosis.
Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented pressure on healthcare services. This study investigates whether disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) safety monitoring was affected during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A population-based cohort study was conducted using the OpenSAFELY platform to access electronic health record data from 24.
Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruption to routine activity in primary care. Medication reviews are an important primary care activity ensuring safety and appropriateness of prescribing. A disruption could have significant negative implications for patient care.
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- Neoadjuvant therapy is now a standard for treating stage II/III HER2 positive and triple negative breast cancer, as well as high-risk luminal B breast cancer, but can lead to significant side effects impacting quality of life.
- Early supportive care, termed 'prehabilitation', may alleviate these side effects and enhance patient outcomes, driven by patient and healthcare professional feedback for a more integrated care approach.
- This study outlines a feasibility trial for a multimodal prehabilitation program aiming to improve various health metrics and experiences for women undergoing neoadjuvant therapy.
The value and uncertainty associated with choice alternatives constitute critical features relevant for decisions. However, the manner in which reward and risk representations are temporally organized in the brain remains elusive. Here we leverage the spatiotemporal precision of intracranial electroencephalography, along with a simple card game designed to elicit the unfolding computation of a set of reward and risk variables, to uncover this temporal organization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Combined systematic plus targeted biopsy sampling improves detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa). Our objective was to evaluate whether extended core sampling at initial biopsy in active surveillance (AS) patients is associated with subsequent AS discontinuation and pathologic outcomes.
Methods: National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) low- and favorable-intermediate-risk (FIR) AS patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Prostate with Watchful Waiting database.
Purpose: Intraductal prostate cancer (IDC) is linked to unfavorable oncologic outcomes, marked by distinctive cellular intrinsic pathway changes and intricate immunosuppressive microenvironments that could impact the way cancer spreads. The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of IDC in prostate biopsy specimens obtained from patients before primary prostate cancer (PCa) treatment is associated with a lymph node metastatic propensity in prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‒positron emission tomography (PET)/CT.
Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of all PCa patients undergoing a pretreatment F-DCFPyL-PSMA-PET/CT between January 1, 2016, and August 2021 at The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre.
Background: The multicentre European Bifurcation Club Trial (EBC TWO) showed no significant differences in 12-month clinical outcomes between patients randomised to a provisional stenting strategy or systematic culotte stenting in non-left main true bifurcations.
Aims: This study aimed to investigate the 5-year clinical results of the EBC TWO Trial.
Methods: A total of 200 patients undergoing stent implantation for non-left main bifurcation lesions were recruited into EBC TWO.
Background: Timely evidence of the comparative effectiveness between COVID-19 therapies in real-world settings is needed to inform clinical care. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir versus sotrovimab and molnupiravir in preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes in non-hospitalised high-risk COVID-19 adult patients during Omicron waves.
Methods: With the approval of NHS England, we conducted a real-world cohort study using the OpenSAFELY-TPP platform.