The Ets protein Spi-B is expressed exclusively in B cells and T cells during development.

Spi-B and PU.1 are hematopoietic-specific transcription factors that constitute a subfamily of the Ets family of DNA-binding proteins. Here we show that contrary to previous reports, PU.

A single mutation that increases maize seed weight.

The maize endosperm-specific gene shrunken2 (Sh2) encodes the large subunit of the heterotetrameric starch synthetic enzyme adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP; EC 2.7.7.

A longitudinal study of the role of sociodemographic factors and childhood aggression on adolescent injury and "close calls".

Purpose: This study examined the: (1) relationships among gender, race, and socioeconomic status and the incidence of adolescent injury and "close calls" (near accidents); (2) ability of childhood aggression to predict injury and "close calls" during adolescence; and (3) characteristics of injury and "close-call" events, including contributing mechanisms and risk-taking behaviors.

Methods: Subjects were a subsample (N = 271) of the Carolina Longitudinal Study who reported an injury (48%) or "close-call" (52%) during a 9th, 10th, or 11th grade interview (mean age 16.3 years); 52% were female and 23% African American.

Cloning and characterisation of a gene encoding a cuticle-degrading protease from the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae.

Metarhizium anisophilae (Ma) secretes a range of proteases when grown in vitro on insect cuticle. A trypsin-like serine protease, PR2, was purified from culture filtrates by anion exchange chromatography and the N-terminal sequence determined. Using oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes based on this sequence and that of the highly conserved trypsin active site, a gene was isolated from a lambda EMBL3 genomic library of Ma isolate ME1.

Identification and gene expression of anaerobically induced enolase in Echinochloa phyllopogon and Echinochloa crus-pavonis.

Enolase (2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase, EC 4.2.1.

Chronic administration of L-NAME in drinking water alters working memory in rats.

To examine the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the maintenance of working memory of rats, the effects of chronic administration (in drinking water) of the NO synthase inhibitor, N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), on this behavior was examined with a simple test of remembering recently explored objects. Unlike other working memory tasks that require a subject to perform for a reward such as food or water or to avoid shock, our task measured spontaneous exploration of novel and familiar objects and has been described as a "pure" working memory task [9]. Normal subjects spend significantly more time in contact with new environmental components and less time with familiar objects.

Differential induction of mRNAs for the glycolytic and ethanolic fermentative pathways by hypoxia and anoxia in maize seedlings.

Fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase (ALD) and enolase (ENO) from the glycolytic pathway and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) from the ethanolic fermentative pathway, are enzymes previously identified as among those synthesized selectively in O2-deficient roots of maize (Zea mays L.). The present study measured levels of transcripts representing these two pathways in 5-mm root tips, root axes (the remainder of the primary seminal root), and shoots of maize seedlings to determine how closely both pathways were co-induced and how they were modulated by changes in O2 concentration.

A simple procedure for optimising the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using modified Taguchi methods.

Taguchi methods are used widely as the basis for development trials during industrial process design. Here, we describe their suitability for optimisation of the PCR. Unlike conventional strategies, these arrays revealed the effects and interactions of specific reaction components simultaneously using just a few reactions, negating the need for extensive experimental investigation.

Disruption of a putative working memory task and selective expression of brain c-fos following microwave-induced hyperthermia.

To discern the effects of hyperthermia on working memory, we recorded the ability of rats to discriminate between objects following microwave radiation exposure. Memory changes were evaluated by measuring relative exploration time of a familiar vs. a new stimulus object.

Hypoxic Induction of Anoxia Tolerance in Roots of Adh1 Null Zea mays L.

Seedlings of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 null mutants (Adh1-) of Zea mays L., which fail to synthesize alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1) isozymes, were hypoxically acclimated by 18 h of exposure to an atmosphere of 4% (v/v) O2 in N2 at 25[deg]C. Their ability to tolerate subsequent anoxia by exposure to anaerobic (O2-free) conditions was compared with that of unacclimated seedlings that were transferred immediately from an atmosphere of 40% (v/v) O2 to anaerobic conditions.

The Response of Maize Seedlings of Different Ages to Hypoxic and Anoxic Stress (Changes in Induction of Adh1 mRNA, ADH Activity, and Survival of Anoxia).

Previously we showed that there is only a transient induction of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh1) transcripts and only a small induction of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme activity in root tips of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings subjected to strict anaerobiosis without prior acclimation by exposure to low O2 (D.L.

Changes in nursing administration research priorities. A sign of the times.

Although research is the critical element in the advancement of knowledge, for research to contribute knowledge to the practice of nursing it must be focused on subjects germane to the practice arena. When the focus of research in a discipline is not congruent with the needs of the discipline, knowledge development is compromised. By comparing the aforementioned retrospective research reviews to the research priority lists, we see that published research in nursing administration has not been tied closely to identified priorities.

Stable association of pp60src and pp59fyn with the focal adhesion-associated protein tyrosine kinase, pp125FAK.

Changes in cellular growth and dramatic alterations in cell morphology and adhesion are common features of cells transformed by oncogenic protein tyrosine kinases, such as pp60src and other members of the Src family. In this report, we present evidence for the stable association of two Src family kinases (pp60src and pp59fyn) with tyrosine-phosphorylated forms of a focal adhesion-associated protein tyrosine kinase, pp125FAK. In Src-transformed chicken embryo cells, most of the pp125FAK was stably complexed with activated pp60src (e.

Regulation of the cellular src protein tyrosine kinase: interactions of the carboxyl terminal sequences residing between the kinase domain and tyrosine-527.

Negative regulation of the cellular Src tyrosine kinase (pp60c-src) is mediated through the phosphorylation of a C-terminal tyrosine residue, Tyr-527. Current models predict that inhibition of c-Src kinase activity results from an interaction of phosphorylated Tyr-527 with the amino terminal SH2 domain. Tyr-527 is located 11 residues C-terminal from the end of the kinase domain.

Detection of molecular variation in the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium using RAPD-PCR.

DNA polymorphism among isolates of the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and M. flavoviride was investigated by RAPD-PCR. DNA fragments of between 0.

Hypoxic and Anoxic Induction of Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Roots and Shoots of Seedlings of Zea mays (Adh Transcripts and Enzyme Activity).

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is one of a number of enzymes of glycolysis and fermentation known to be synthesized preferentially under low O2 conditions. We examined levels of Adh1 transcripts and of ADH activity in 5-mm root tips, root axes (the remainder of the seminal root), and shoots of maize (Zea mays L. cv TX 5855) seedlings.

Integrin-dependent phosphorylation and activation of the protein tyrosine kinase pp125FAK in platelets.

We have investigated mechanisms involved in integrin-mediated signal transduction in platelets by examining integrin-dependent phosphorylation and activation of a newly identified protein tyrosine kinase, pp125FAK (FAK, focal adhesion kinase). This kinase was previously shown to be localized in focal adhesions in fibroblasts, and to be phosphorylated on tyrosine in normal and Src-transformed fibroblasts. We show that thrombin and collagen activation of platelets causes an induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125FAK and that pp125FAK molecules isolated from activated platelets display enhanced levels of phosphorylation in immune-complex kinase assays.

pp125FAK a structurally distinctive protein-tyrosine kinase associated with focal adhesions.

Expression of the Rous sarcoma virus-encoded oncoprotein, pp60v-src, subverts the normal regulation of cell growth, which results in oncogenic transformation. This process requires the intrinsic protein-tyrosine kinase activity of pp60v-src and is associated with an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of cellular proteins, candidate substrates for pp60v-src. We report here the isolation of a cDNA encoding a protein, pp125, that is a major phosphotyrosine-containing protein in untransformed chicken embryo cells and exhibits an increase in phosphotyrosine in pp60v-src-transformed chicken embryo cells.

Enhancement of Anaerobic Respiration in Root Tips of Zea mays following Low-Oxygen (Hypoxic) Acclimation.

Root tips (10-millimeter length) were excised from hypoxically pretreated (HPT, 4% [v/v] oxygen at 25 degrees C for 16 hours) or nonhypoxically pretreated (NHPT, 40% [v/v] oxygen) maize (Zea mays) plants, and their rates of respiration were compared by respirometry under aerobic and anaerobic conditions with exogenous glucose. The respiratory quotient under aerobic conditions with 50 millimolar glucose was approximately 1.0, which is consistent with glucose or other hexose sugars being utilized as the predominant carbon source in glycolysis.

Regulation of the oncogenic activity of the cellular src protein requires the correct spacing between the kinase domain and the C-terminal phosphorylated tyrosine (Tyr-527).

Repression of the tyrosine kinase activity of the cellular src protein (pp60c-src) depends on the phosphorylation of a tyrosine residue (Tyr-527) near the carboxy terminus. Tyr-527 is located 11 residues C terminal from the genetically defined end of the kinase domain (Leu-516) and is therefore in a negative regulatory region. Because the precise sequence of amino acids surrounding Tyr-527 appears to be unimportant for regulation, we hypothesized that the conformational constraints induced by phosphorylated Tyr-527 may require the correct spacing between the kinase domain (Leu-516) and Tyr-527.

Hypoxic Induction of Anoxia Tolerance in Root Tips of Zea mays.

When root tips of fully aerobic, intact maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings are made anaerobic, viability normally is only 24 hours or less at 25 degrees C. We find that viability can be extended to at least 96 hours if seedlings are given a hypoxic pretreatment for 18 hours by sparging the solution with 4% O(2) in nitrogen (v/v) before anoxia.

Regulation of Embryo Dormancy by Manipulation of Abscisic Acid in Kernels and Associated Cob Tissue of Zea mays L. Cultured in Vitro.

Sectors of Zea mays cobs, with and without kernels were cultured in vitro in the presence and absence of fluridone. Cultured kernels, cob tissue, and embryos developed similarly to those grown in the field. Abscisic acid (ABA) levels in the embryos were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay.

Vitrification and soluble carbohydrate levels inPetunia leaves as influenced by media gelrite and sucrose concentrations.

Normal nodal segments ofPetunia hybrida were grown on Murashige and Skoog salts containing varied levels of Gelrite and sucrose. Higher concentrations of Gelrite decreased vitrification while increased sucrose concentrations promoted vitrification. Leaves of vitreous plants had higher levels of reducing sugars and sucrose but lower or undetectable levels of inositol as compared to normal plants.

Advantages and limitations of current soft intraocular lenses.

We report our clinical experience with six soft intraocular lenses: (1) STAAR silicone, (2) CooperVision/Schlegel silicone, (3) IOLAB silicone, (4) Allergan Medical Optics (AMO) silicone, (5) Fyodorov silicone, and (6) Alcon hydrogel (IOGEL). We found that these soft intraocular lenses have several common design problems. The single-size design of five of the six soft lenses can lead to a windshield-wiper decentration effect in lenses too small for larger eyes.

Lack of behavioral effects in the rhesus monkey: high peak microwave pulses at 1.3 GHz.

The current safety standards for radiofrequency and microwave exposure do not limit the peak power of microwave pulses for general or occupational exposures. While some biological effects, primarily the auditory effect, depend on pulsed microwaves, hazards associated with very high peak-power microwave pulses in the absence of whole-body heating are unknown. Five rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta, were exposed to peak-power densities of 131.