Measuring food security in university students: A comparison of the USDA 10-item and six-item food security survey modules.

We examined discordant food security (FS) status classification between the USDA 10-item and six-item FS Survey Modules (FSSMs) among students at a U.S. university.

Benefits of using both the Hunger Vital Sign and brief nutrition security screener in health-related social needs screening.

Food security is a commonly screened for health-related social need at hospitals and community settings, and until recently, there were no tools to additionally screen for nutrition security. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential advantage of including a one-item brief nutrition security screener (BNSS) alongside the commonly used two-item Hunger Vital Sign (HVS) food security screener for identifying individuals with diet-related health risks. Cross-sectional survey data were collected from April to June 2021.

ARID1A suppresses R-loop-mediated STING-type I interferon pathway activation of anti-tumor immunity.

Clinical trials have identified ARID1A mutations as enriched among patients who respond favorably to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in several solid tumor types independent of microsatellite instability. We show that ARID1A loss in murine models is sufficient to induce anti-tumor immune phenotypes observed in ARID1A mutant human cancers, including increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytolytic activity. ARID1A-deficient cancers upregulated an interferon (IFN) gene expression signature, the ARID1A-IFN signature, associated with increased R-loops and cytosolic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA).

Emission Ghost Imaging: reconstruction with data augmentation.

Ghost Imaging enables 2D reconstruction of an object even though particles transmitted or emitted by the object of interest are detected with a single pixel detector without spatial resolution. This is possible because for the particular implementation of ghost imaging presented here, the incident beam is spatially modulated with a non-configurable attenuating mask whose orientation is varied (e.g.

Optimising oncology drug expenditure in Ireland.

A combination of improvements in patient survival, increasing treatment duration, and the development of more expensive agents has led to a doubling of per-capita spending on cancer medicines in Ireland (2008-2018). Despite this, access to new drugs is poor in comparison to other EU countries. We examine methods to optimise oncology drug spending to facilitate access to newer anticancer agents.

High Prevalence of Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase in American Indian Children Seen in a Pediatric Weight Management Clinic.

Introduction: Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) can indicate risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. However, there is little data about the prevalence of elevated ALT in American Indian (AI) children.

Methods: Baseline data from children attending the pediatric weight management clinic were used to describe the prevalence of elevated ALT, stratified by race and ethnicity.

An evaluation of the utilisation of biosimilar monoclonal antibody drugs in Ireland and barriers to their usage.

Background: While biologic drugs have demonstrated efficacy across a range of indications, patient access to these drugs is constrained due to their high cost. Biosimilars provide a means to increase patient access while reducing the financial burden.

Aims: The primary objective was to determine the current usage of biosimilar and reference trastuzumab and rituximab in four Irish hospitals.

Targeting BACE1-mediated production of amyloid beta improves hippocampal synaptic function in an experimental model of ischemic stroke.

Post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia (PSCID) affects many survivors of large vessel cerebral ischemia. The molecular pathways underlying PSCID are poorly defined but may overlap with neurodegenerative pathophysiology. Specifically, synaptic dysfunction after stroke may be directly mediated by alterations in the levels of amyloid beta (Aβ), the peptide that accumulates in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.

Mixture model analysis of Transition Edge Sensor pulse height spectra.

To calibrate an optical transition edge sensor (TES), for each pulse of the light source (e.g. pulsed laser), one must determine the ratio of the expected number of photons that deposit energy and the expected number of photons created by the laser.

Acute Occupational and Physical Therapy for Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To describe the function of patients with COVID-19 admitted to an acute care hospital early in the pandemic and to characterize change in function among those admitted to intensive care units (ICU) and to non-critical care services.

Design: This descriptive, retrospective cohort study examined patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to a tertiary care medical center during the first wave of the pandemic in 2020. Included patients were stratified into 4 cohorts based on whether or not they received therapy during their hospitalization and whether or not their hospitalization included time in the ICU.

Practicing COVID-19 Public Health Measures Is Associated With Anxiety and Depression in Undergraduate University Students.

Background: COVID-19 has affected mental health globally, increasing depression and anxiety. This study examined relationships between practicing COVID-19-related public health measures and depression and anxiety in young adult students.

Methods: A sample of 755 undergraduate students 18-25 years of age at a large public university completed a cross-sectional survey in fall 2020 during the pandemic (response rate = 18.

Dietetics Students' Perceptions of Academic and Health Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study examined dietetics students' perceptions of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacts on academics and mental and physical health. Data were collected via a cross-sectional online survey in February to March 2021 from undergraduate dietetics students across the United States. Among the 526 students who participated, during the fall 2020 semester, 87% experienced increased stress, 64% reported mental health concerns, and 32% reported disordered eating.

Learning Atom Probe Tomography time-of-flight peaks for mass-to-charge ratio spectrometry.

In laser-assisted atom probe tomography, an important goal is to reconstruct the mass-to-charge ratio, (m/z), spectrum due to various ion species. In general, the probability mass function (pmf) associated with the time-of-flight (TOF) spectrum produced by each ion species is unknown and varies from species-to-species. Moreover, measuring pmfs for distinct ion species in calibration experiments is not practical.

Basic Needs Insecurities Are Associated with Anxiety, Depression, and Poor Health Among University Students in the State of New Mexico.

Basic needs insecurities affect university students disproportionately and may impact health and academic performance. This study examined associations between food insecurity (FI), housing insecurity (HI) and a novel basic needs insecurity score, and mental and physical health among university students. Eight-thousand undergraduate and postgraduate students at a large university in the southwestern U.

Food Security, Access, and Challenges in New Mexico during COVID-19.

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted food systems and economies across the United States. Public health measures, including stay-at-home orders, led to employment disruptions and food system shocks that increased barriers to food access.

Objectives: We aimed to examine food insecurity and food access challenges in New Mexico (NM) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Dietetics students' perceptions of classroom-based learning activities.

Background: The Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics requires that undergraduate dietetics courses utilize a variety of educational approaches to facilitate learning. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate undergraduate nutrition students' perceptions of 16 classroom-based learning activities before and after taking an upper-level nutrition course.

Methods: A survey was completed by students before and after taking an upper-level nutrition course, Methods in Nutrition Education, at a single university in the southwest region of the United States in fall 2016 and 2017.

A Multi-Site Analysis of the Prevalence of Food Insecurity in the United States, before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic profoundly affected food systems including food security. Understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted food security is important to provide support and identify long-term impacts and needs.

Objective: The National Food Access and COVID research Team (NFACT) was formed to assess food security over different US study sites throughout the pandemic, using common instruments and measurements.

Ratio-Based Pulse Shape Discrimination: Analytic Results for Gaussian and Poisson Noise Models.

In experiments in a range of fields including fast neutron spectroscopy and astroparticle physics, one can discriminate events of interest from background events based on the shapes of electronic pulses produced by energy deposits in a detector. Here, I focus on a well-known pulse shape discrimination method based on the ratio of the temporal integral of the pulse over an early interval X and the temporal integral over the entire pulse X. For both event classes, for both a Gaussian noise model and a Poisson noise model, I present analytic expressions for the conditional distribution of X given knowledge of the observed value of X and a scaled energy deposit corresponding to the product of the full energy deposit and a relative yield factor.

Practice patterns and survival in FIGO 2009 stage 3B endometrial cancer.

Objective: To describe the practice patterns and outcomes of patients with stage 3B endometrial cancer.

Methods: We queried the National Cancer Database for all surgically staged, stage 3 patients between 2012 and 2016. Patients who received any pre-operative therapy were excluded.

Overnight pain and opioid use after osmotic cervical dilator placement for second trimester dilation and evacuation.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate pain following overnight osmotic cervical dilator placement for second trimester dilation and evacuation (D&E).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study surveyed pain and quantified prescription opioid use among 100 women who underwent overnight osmotic cervical dilator placement for D&E. Participants were given opioid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) prescriptions and were asked to rate their level of pain on a Likert scale (1-10).

Food approach and avoidance appetitive traits in university students: A latent profile analysis.

Eating behaviors are influenced by many factors including appetitive traits. Few studies have utilized latent profile analysis (LPA) to examine food approach and food avoidance appetitive traits. This study utilized LPA to define cluster profile groups based on appetitive traits in undergraduate and graduate/professional students at a large University in the southwest United States.

Periviable delivery of a pregnancy in a rudimentary uterine horn: A case report.

Pregnancy in a rudimentary uterine horn is an extremely rare form of ectopic pregnancy, with an incidence of 1 in 76,000-140,000 pregnancies. Given its high-risk nature, the standard of care is to terminate such pregnancies at the time of diagnosis. This is a case of a nulliparous patient at 23 5/7 weeks of gestation with a new diagnosis of a rudimentary horn pregnancy.

Physical Activity Behavior and Mental Health Among University Students During COVID-19 Lockdown.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic placed social, travel, school access, and learning restrictions on University students. Excessive restriction measures have been shown to have negative impacts on mental health. Physical activity preserves mental health, and may be useful during quarantines.