PROSPECT: 4- and 6-year follow-up of a randomised trial of surgery for vaginal prolapse.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Our aim was to compare the mid-term results of native tissue, biological xenograft and polypropylene mesh surgery for women with vaginal wall prolapse.

Methods: A total of 1348 women undergoing primary transvaginal repair of an anterior and/or posterior prolapse were recruited between January 2010 and August 2013 from 35 UK centres. They were randomised by remote allocation to native tissue surgery, biological xenograft or polypropylene mesh.

Diagnostic Assessment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men Considering Prostate Surgery: A Noninferiority Randomised Controlled Trial of Urodynamics in 26 Hospitals.

Background: Prostate surgery can improve lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) by relieving bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). However, surgery is less effective without BOO, or if detrusor underactivity is present. Urodynamics (UDS) can identify BOO and measure detrusor activity, but evidence in clinical practice is lacking.

Mesh inlay, mesh kit or native tissue repair for women having repeat anterior or posterior prolapse surgery: randomised controlled trial (PROSPECT).

Objective: To compare standard (native tissue) repair with synthetic mesh inlays or mesh kits.

Design: Randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Thirty-three UK hospitals.

Clinical and Patient-reported Outcome Measures in Men Referred for Consideration of Surgery to Treat Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Baseline Results and Diagnostic Findings of the Urodynamics for Prostate Surgery Trial; Randomised Evaluation of Assessment Methods (UPSTREAM).

Background: Clinical evaluation of male lower urinary tract symptoms (MLUTS) in secondary care uses a range of assessments. It is unknown how MLUTS evaluation influences outcome of therapy recommendations and choice, notably urodynamics (UDS; filling cystometry and pressure flow studies).

Objective: To report participants' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and initial diagnostic findings of the Urodynamics for Prostate Surgery Trial; Randomised Evaluation of Assessment Methods (UPSTREAM).

Adverse events after first, single, mesh and non-mesh surgical procedures for stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in Scotland, 1997-2016: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Concerns have been raised about the safety of surgery for stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse using transvaginal mesh. We assessed adverse outcomes after first, single mesh procedures and comparable non-mesh procedures.

Methods: We did a cohort study of women in Scotland aged 20 years or older undergoing a first, single incontinence procedure or prolapse procedure during 1997-98 to 2015-16 identified from a national hospital admission database.

Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence.

Background: Urinary incontinence is common after radical prostatectomy and can also occur in some circumstances after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Conservative management includes pelvic floor muscle training with or without biofeedback, electrical stimulation, extra-corporeal magnetic innervation (ExMI), compression devices (penile clamps), lifestyle changes, or a combination of methods.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of conservative management for urinary incontinence up to 12 months after transurethral, suprapubic, laparoscopic, radical retropubic or perineal prostatectomy, including any single conservative therapy or any combination of conservative therapies.

Bladder neck needle suspension for urinary incontinence in women.

Background: Bladder neck needle suspension is an operation traditionally used for moderate or severe stress urinary incontinence in women. About a third of adult women experience some urinary incontinence, and about a third of these have moderate or severe symptoms.

Objectives: To determine the effects of needle suspension on stress or mixed urinary incontinence in comparison with other management options.

Urodynamic studies for management of urinary incontinence in children and adults: A short version Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Urodynamic tests are used to investigate people who have urinary incontinence or other urinary symptoms in order to make an objective diagnosis. The investigations are invasive and time consuming.

Objectives: To determine if treatment according to a urodynamic-based diagnosis, compared to treatment based on history and examination, leads to more effective clinical care and better clinical outcomes.

Urodynamic studies for management of urinary incontinence in children and adults.

Background: Urodynamic tests are used to investigate people who have urinary incontinence or other urinary symptoms in order to make a definitive, objective diagnosis. The aim is to help select the treatment most likely to be successful. The investigations are invasive and time consuming.

Twelve-year follow-up of conservative management of postnatal urinary and faecal incontinence and prolapse outcomes: randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To determine the long-term (12-year) effects of a conservative nurse-led intervention for postnatal urinary incontinence.

Design: Follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Community-based intervention in three centres (in the UK and New Zealand).

Urodynamic studies for management of urinary incontinence in children and adults.

Background: Urodynamic tests are used to investigate people who have urinary incontinence or other urinary symptoms in order to make a definitive objective diagnosis. The aim is to help to select the treatment most likely to be successful. The investigations are invasive and time consuming.

Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse in women: the updated summary version Cochrane review.

Introduction And Hypothesis: A previous version of the Cochrane review for prolapse surgery in 2008 provided two conclusions: abdominal sacrocolpopexy had lower recurrent vault prolapse rates than sacrospinous colpopexy but this was balanced against a longer time to return to activities of daily life. An additional continence procedure at the time of prolapse surgery might be beneficial in reducing post-operative stress urinary incontinence; however, this was weighed against potential adverse effects. The aim of this review is to provide an updated summary version of the current Cochrane review on the surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse.

Case study: a patient-clinician collaboration that identified and prioritized evidence gaps and stimulated research development.

Objective: To assess the effect of a research prioritization partnership that aimed to influence the research agenda relating to urinary incontinence (UI).

Study Design And Setting: Research often neglects important gaps in existing evidence so that decisions must be made about treatments without reliable evidence of their effectiveness. In 2007-2009, a United Kingdom partnership of eight patient and 13 clinician organizations identified and prioritized gaps in the evidence that affect everyday decisions about treatment of UI.

Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse in women: a short version Cochrane review.

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse may occur in up to 50% of parous women. A variety of urinary, bowel and sexual symptoms may be associated with prolapse.

Objectives: To determine the effects of the many different surgeries in the management of pelvic organ prolapse.

Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse in women.

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse may occur in up to 50% of parous women. A variety of urinary, bowel and sexual symptoms may be associated with prolapse.

Objectives: To determine the effects of the many different surgeries in the management of pelvic organ prolapse.

Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence.

Background: Urinary incontinence is common after both radical prostatectomy (RP) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Conservative management includes pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with or without biofeedback, electrical stimulation, compression devices (penile clamps), lifestyle changes, extra-corporeal magnetic innervation or a combination of methods.

Objectives: To assess the effects of conservative management for urinary incontinence after prostatectomy.

Persistent urinary incontinence and delivery mode history: a six-year longitudinal study.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of persistent and long term postpartum urinary incontinence and associations with mode of first and subsequent delivery.

Design: Longitudinal study.

Setting: Maternity units in Aberdeen (Scotland), Birmingham (England) and Dunedin (New Zealand).

New postnatal urinary incontinence: obstetric and other risk factors in primiparae.

Objective: To identify obstetric and other risk factors for urinary incontinence that occurs during pregnancy or after childbirth.

Design: Questionnaire survey of women.

Setting: Maternity units in Aberdeen (Scotland), Birmingham (England) and Dunedin (New Zealand).

Adrenergic drugs for urinary incontinence in adults.

Background: Adrenergic drugs have been used for the treatment of urinary incontinence. However, they have generally been considered to be ineffective or to have side effects which may limit their clinical use.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of adrenergic agonists in the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults.

Incontinence-specific quality of life measures used in trials of treatments for female urinary incontinence: a systematic review.

This systematic review examined the use of incontinence-specific quality of life (QOL) measures in clinical trials of female incontinence treatments, and systematically evaluated their quality using a standard checklist. Of 61 trials included in the review, 58 (95.1%) used an incontinence-specific QOL measure.

Treating nocturnal enuresis in children: review of evidence.

Background: Childhood nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) affects many families. Although it has a high rate of spontaneous remission, bedwetting may bring social and emotional stigma, stress, and inconvenience to both the child with enuresis and his or her family.

Design: Summary of systematic reviews of treatment for nocturnal enuresis in children, published in the Cochrane Library, using evidence only from randomized and quasi-randomized trials to compare interventions.

Complementary and miscellaneous interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children.

Background: Nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) is a socially disruptive and stressful condition which affects around 15 to 20% of five year olds, and up to 2% of young adults.

Objectives: To assess the effects of complementary interventions and others such as surgery or diet on nocturnal enuresis in children, and to compare them with other interventions.

Search Strategy: We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Register (searched 22 November 2004), the Traditional Chinese Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (TCMLARS) (January 1984 to June 2004) and the reference lists of relevant articles.

Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children.

Background: Enuresis (bedwetting) is a socially disruptive and stressful condition which affects around 15 to 20% of five year olds, and up to 2% of young adults.

Objectives: To assess the effects of alarm interventions on nocturnal enuresis in children, and to compare alarms with other interventions.

Search Strategy: We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group specialised trials register (searched 22 November 2004) and the reference lists of relevant articles.

Randomised controlled trial of conservative management of postnatal urinary and faecal incontinence: six year follow up.

Objective: To determine the long term effects of a conservative nurse-led intervention for postnatal urinary incontinence.

Design: Randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Community based intervention in three centres in the United Kingdom and New Zealand.