Pharmacokinetics of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) Delivered by Expeditious Routes in a Swine Model of Polytrauma and Hemorrhagic Shock.

Objective: Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in civilian trauma centers and on the battlefield. One of the emerging treatment options for hemorrhage in austere environments is tranexamic acid (TXA). However, the landscape is not amenable to the current delivery standard.

Socio-ecologic Correlates of HIV/AIDS-Related Sexual Risk Behavior of African American Emerging Adults.

There is growing evidence showing that patterns of individual sexual risk behaviors are insufficient in explaining the disproportionate HIV/AIDS burden borne by African Americans. Instead, dynamic features of social, economic, political, and geographic contexts play a more determining role. However, not enough studies have examined the impact of multi-level factors including neighborhood-level influences on HIV/AIDS sexual risk among African American emerging adults using a socio-ecologic perspective.

A New Interpretation of Relative Importance on an Analysis of Per and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposures on Bone Mineral Density.

Background: The relative contribution of environmental contaminants is an important, and frequently unanswered, question in human or ecological risk assessments. This interpretation of relative importance allows determination of the overall effect of a set of variables relative to other variables on an adverse health outcome. There are no underlying assumptions of independence of variables.

Hook effect in gestational trophoblastic disease: An emergency department case presentation.

Gestational trophoblastic disease is a process that affects ≈1 of 1000 pregnancies. If left untreated, this can progress to potentially life-threatening complications with malignancy such as choriocarcinoma.  The emergency physician must be aware of the presentation and complications of this disease process, including the difficulties in diagnosis.

Predicting Exposure to Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) among US Infants.

PFASs have been detected in nearly every serum sample collected over the last two decades from US adults as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and are commonly found in other data sets from around the world. However, less is known about infant PFAS exposures, primarily because the collection of infant serum samples is less common and frequently avoided. Cord blood samples are often preferred for chemical exposure assessments because this is thought to provide a good representation of infant serum concentrations, at least at the time of birth.

PFAS and Potential Adverse Effects on Bone and Adipose Tissue Through Interactions With PPARγ.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a widely dispersed, broad class of synthetic chemicals with diverse biological effects, including effects on adipose and bone differentiation. PFAS most commonly occur as mixtures and only rarely, if ever, as single environmental contaminants. This poses significant regulatory questions and a pronounced need for chemical risk assessments, analytical methods, and technological solutions to reduce the risk to public and environmental health.

Predicting Long-Term Asbestos Prevalence in Human Lungs, Lymph Nodes, and Remote Organs from Short-Term Murine Experiments.

Inhalation of asbestos fibers leads to a suite of fatal diseases that can manifest years, if not decades, after cessation of exposure. The first phase of disease progression occurs as fibers are transported from point of entry in the lungs throughout the entire body. A mathematical model is developed for the disposition of non-chrysotile asbestos in the body and, except for exposure levels, is parameterized by published data on short-term rat experiments.

Evaluation of Fetal Exposures to Metals and Metalloids through Meconium Analyses: A Review.

This paper surveys the existing scientific literature on metals concentrations in meconium. We examine some 32 papers that analyzed meconium for aluminum, arsenic, barium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lithium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, lead, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, lead, antimony, selenium, tin, vanadium, and zinc. Because of the lack of detail in the statistics it is not possible to do a rigorous meta-analysis.

More Than Just Torsion: An Unusual Case of Testicular Pain.

Testicular pain has a wide differential and the nonspecific presentation should be triaged rapidly for urgent diagnosis and treatment. Scrotal pyoceles are uncommon collections of purulent fluid between the visceral and parietal tunica vaginalis, usually secondary to acute epididymo-orchitis, intra-abdominal infection, or trauma. Epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis are generally secondary to sexually transmitted infections or urinary tract pathogens.

A dynamical model of the transport of asbestos fibres in the human body.

We present a model for the transport of a single type of asbestos fibre through the human body. The model captures the transport modes that pertain particularly to the lungs and the mesothelium. Numerical solutions of the system follow observed movement in the body.

Temporal patterns in perchlorate, thiocyanate, and iodide excretion in human milk.

Background: Perchlorate and thiocyanate interfere with iodide uptake at the sodium-iodide symporter and are potential disruptors of thyroid hormone synthesis. Perchlorate is a common contaminant of water, food, and human milk. Although it is known that iodide undergoes significant diurnal variations in serum and urinary excretion, less is known about diurnal variations of milk iodide levels.