Sequelae of cryotherapy in breast tissue.

Cryotherapy is a novel treatment for benign and malignant breast lesions that is under evaluation. We assessed the acute and subacute outcomes of breast cryotherapy in normal goat teats using physical, microscopic, and imaging modalities. Eight goats were subjected to two freeze-thaw cycles of breast tissue producing a 2cm iceball and sacrificed either 2 or 7 weeks later.

Thoracoscopic fine-needle aspiration of solitary pulmonary nodules.

To determine the diagnostic efficacy of thoracoscopic fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of solitary pulmonary nodules suspicious for lung cancer, we performed intraoperative thoracoscopic FNA for diagnostic purposes in 8 consecutive patients with peripheral solitary pulmonary nodules suspicious for lung cancer. Thoracoscopic FNA yielded an accurate diagnosis in all cases. There were 5 cases of non-small cell lung carcinoma, 1 small cell lung carcinoma, 1 renal carcinoma metastasis, and 1 inflammatory nodule.

DNA content in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

DNA analysis by flow cytometry was performed on tissue blocks from 41 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The histologic slides were reviewed by a pathologist and blindly classified according to the World Health Organization classification. The paraffin-embedded blocks were processed to obtain individual nuclei, which were then stained with propidium iodide.

Interpretation of microscopic image analysis of cell nuclei.

This study shows that microscopic image analyses of nuclear DNA have common characteristics among fixation methods and tissue types. We find that microscopic imaging measurements require both nuclear area and DNA concentration to properly convey diagnostic information. Algorithms are developed which enable infiltrating lymphocytes to act as internal DNA controls for each sample.

Image analysis confirmation of DNA aneuploidy in flow cytometric DNA distributions having a wide coefficient of variation of the G0/G1 peak.

With nuclei extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues, resolution of normal diploid DNA and abnormal near-diploid/aneuploid populations by flow cytometry (FCM) is especially difficult. These samples, compared with fresh tissue, tend to show a broader DNA distribution, appearing as a wide (high) coefficient of variation (CV) of the G0/G1 peak. To address the question of whether there may be aneuploid populations hidden in wide CV diploid G0/G1 peaks, the authors measured DNA content in nuclei extracted from paraffin-embedded tumor tissue by morphometric image analysis (IA) in addition to FCM.

Lung cancer treated on the basis of cytologic findings: an analysis of 112 patients.

The authors studied 112 patients who received definitive radiotherapy/chemotherapy solely on the basis of positive cytologic findings in the appropriate clinical context. Eighty patients (71.4%) were treated on the basis of one or more positive sputum studies, while the remainder had at least one positive bronchial cytologic preparation.

Immune complex disease and gynecomastia.

A man with arthritis, gynecomastia and a rash histologically showing leukocytoclastic vasculitis, dermatitis herpetiformis and immunoglobulin G deposits at the dermoepidermal junction is reported. In contrast to cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with vesiculobullous eruptions and similar histological features, our patient had neither bullae nor serological evidence of SLE. Conversely, no men already reported had evidence of feminization.

Porokeratosis of mibelli in transplant recipients.

Four of 602 renal and hepatic transplant recipients had porokeratosis of Mibelli develop in the posttransplant period. Porokeratosis is an uncommon, autosomally dominant inherited disorder that presents in adolescence as a proliferation of an abnormal clone of epidermal cells. Clinically, it is characterized by nonhealing plaques that develop most commonly on the limbs.

The diagnosis of pulmonary small-cell anaplastic carcinoma by cytologic means: a 13-year experience.

This article reports on a series of 432 patients with positive respiratory (sputum and bronchial) cytology and proven malignant respiratory tract disease as corroborated by detailed verification criteria; 54 of these patients were diagnosed as having small-cell anaplastic carcinoma (SCAC). None of the 31 patients with autopsy-and/or biopsy-proven disease had false-positive results for SCAC. Typing accuracy for SCAC versus non-SCAC was 97.

Cutaneous complications in renal transplant recipients.

Systematic review of the histologic characteristics of skin lesions biopsied and/or resected in a group of 580 renal transplant recipients collected over a 16-year period showed a total of 170 specimens from 120 patients. In this group there were 41 benign tumors, 22 infections, 35 inflammatory dermatoses, and 13 miscellaneous lesions. Fifty-nine lesions were malignant, and half of these were squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs).

Characteristics of long-term survivors after treatment for inoperable carcinoma of the lung.

Between January, 1971 and August, 1978, 410 patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed inoperable or unresectable carcinoma of the lung of all cell types were treated with curative intent. Forty-five patients lived a minimum of 3 years and 32 patients lived 5 or more years. The 3-year survival rate increased from 7.

The clinicopathologic significance of vitreous fluid cytology examinations in a series of 38 patients.

The authors systematically analyze a series of 38 patients having a total of 40 vitreous fluid cytology determinations. Nine of the 38 patients (23.7%) have cytologic results diagnostic for, or at least highly suggestive of, a specific disease process.

Respiratory cytology: significance of "suspect" results in a series of 435 patients.

We reviewed all "suspect" results of respiratory cytology obtained over a ten-year period at our medical center. There were 435 patients with one or more "suspect" respiratory cytology determinations who were classified as having benign or malignant respiratory tract disease by using a system of detailed, reproducible verification criteria; 61.8% of them had malignant disease.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast. A review of 321 cases with statistical evaluation.

To assess the accuracy of fine needle aspirations of the breast performed at our institution, all patients undergoing this procedure between the years 1973 and 1982 were evaluated. Correlation was made between the cytologic and histologic diagnoses whenever possible. Correlations were made with mammography results or clinical impressions when biopsies were not obtained.

Benign mesothelial proliferation with effusion. Clinicopathologic entity that may mimic malignancy.

The clinical and pathologic features of five cases of a previously poorly defined syndrome, benign mesothelial proliferation with effusion, are described. Although this is a benign process, both the gross and the microscopic findings may mimic metastatic papillary adenocarcinoma. Three of five patients had dysynchronous involvement in more than one body cavity developing over intervals of one, two, and six years.

The prognostic significance of histologic subtyping in small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Previously untreated patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL), who were treated at the Medical College of Wisconsin with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy, were retrospectively subtyped according to the 1981 World Health Organization Lung Cancer Classification. Of 54 evaluated patients, 27 (50%) had "oat cell" subtype, 22 (41%) "intermediate cell" variety, and five (9%) were classified as "combined" type. There was no significant difference in response to therapy or median survival between the subtypes.

The significance of "positive" respiratory cytology determinations in a series of 327 patients.

The authors reviewed all "positive" respiratory cytology diagnoses rendered over the past ten years at a medical center. Three hundred twenty-seven patients (with a total of 689 "positive" respiratory cytology determinations) were classified as having nonmalignant respiratory tract disease by using a unique system of explicit, reproducible verification criteria. Five patients with false-positive results (1.

Transthoracic fine-needle aspiration cytology. Analysis of 82 patients with detailed verification criteria and evaluation of false-negative cases.

The authors herein report a series of transthoracic fine-needle aspiration cytology studies performed over a ten-year period at a medical center. The verification criteria they utilized for "positive" and " nonpositive " results are unique to the TFNA literature, as is the authors' detailed analysis of false-negative cases. The authors' statistical findings included specificity, 100%; sensitivity, 79.

The prostate of the gorilla.

The prostate gland from a 32-year-old gorilla was examined. The prostate weighed 15 g and was composed primarily of dilated cystic acinar areas with only modest stromal thickening. The acini were lined by a low cuboidal epithelium.

Immunoperoxidase localization of estrogen receptors in human brest carcinoma.

Monoclonal antibodies to the estrogen receptor protein were used to evaluate the specificity of the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method for localization of estrogen receptors (ER) in human breast carcinoma. Twenty-five cases of breast carcinoma were selected, and they were roughly classified as ER-rich and ER-poor tumors based on ER levels as determined by dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) assay. ER-rich tumors showed strongly positive cytoplasmic and, to a lesser degree, nuclear staining.

Effect of increased arterial blood flow on localization and progression of atherosclerosis.

Unilateral femoral arteriovenous fistulas were constructed in New Zealand white female rabbits that were subsequently placed on a 1% cholesterol diet for two months. Experimental animals were divided into three groups: group 1 (N = 7), the fistula remained patent for two months; group 2 (N = 7), the fistula occluded after the first month of the observation period; and group 3 (N = 6), the fistula closed after the first month, but the rabbits were maintained on the cholesterol diet for a total of three months. In group 1, 59% (+/- 13%) of the surface area of the donor iliac artery had atherosclerotic lesions compared with 18% (+/- 3%) of the contralateral iliac artery.