Influencers and preference predictors of HPV vaccine uptake among US male and female young adult college students.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of male and female college students in Kentucky about HPV associated diseases and vaccines, and to determine which parameters predicted self-reported uptake of HPV vaccination.

Materials And Methods: A self-selected cross-sectional sample of college students completed an evidence-based online survey.

Results: Of approximately 1200 potential respondents, 585 completed the survey.

The impact of maternal adiposity specialization on infant birthweight: upper versus lower body fat.

Background: The specialization of human fat deposits is an inquiry of special importance in the study of fetal growth. It has been theorized that maternal lower-body fat is designated specifically for lactation and not for the growth of the fetus.

Objective: Our goal was to compare the contributions of maternal upper-body versus lower-body adiposity to infant birth weight.

Spiroindolines identify the vesicular acetylcholine transporter as a novel target for insecticide action.

The efficacy of all major insecticide classes continues to be eroded by the development of resistance mediated, in part, by selection of alleles encoding insecticide insensitive target proteins. The discovery of new insecticide classes acting at novel protein binding sites is therefore important for the continued protection of the food supply from insect predators, and of human and animal health from insect borne disease. Here we describe a novel class of insecticides (Spiroindolines) encompassing molecules that combine excellent activity against major agricultural pest species with low mammalian toxicity.

A new class of anthelmintics effective against drug-resistant nematodes.

Anthelmintic resistance in human and animal pathogenic helminths has been spreading in prevalence and severity to a point where multidrug resistance against the three major classes of anthelmintics--the benzimidazoles, imidazothiazoles and macrocyclic lactones--has become a global phenomenon in gastrointestinal nematodes of farm animals. Hence, there is an urgent need for an anthelmintic with a new mode of action. Here we report the discovery of the amino-acetonitrile derivatives (AADs) as a new chemical class of synthetic anthelmintics and describe the development of drug candidates that are efficacious against various species of livestock-pathogenic nematodes.

Routine vaccines across the life span, 2007.

Routine vaccines are listed on the Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule and the Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and reviewed and updated by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. For these vaccines, we discuss the disease burden, rationale for vaccination, efficacy, adverse reactions, and recommendations. Some new vaccines are discussed here (Tdap and zoster), whereas others (rotavirus and human papillomavirus) are discussed elsewhere in the supplement.

Pertussis infection in the United States: role for vaccination of adolescents and adults.

Pertussis is the only vaccine-preventable disease on the rise in the United States, with increasing incidence in adolescents and adults related to waning immunity. Although often considered a relatively mild infection in these populations, pertussis can be a serious, potentially deadly illness, particularly in children <12 months old. Infected adolescents and adults serve as a reservoir for disease transmission to young children and infants, who are most vulnerable to severe pertussis and its life-threatening complications.

Recognizing biothreat diseases: realistic training using standardized patients and patient simulators.

The UofL Center for the Deterrence of Biowarfare and Bioterrorism's (CDBB's) training involving standardized patients, who can make convincingly accurate representations of clinical signs and symptoms, and patient simulators has proven to be an effective means of enhancing bioterrorism preparedness. In addition to providing ready access to formative measures of preparedness, both of these teaching and learning tools also offer the option of summative evaluation of skills and knowledge acquired during training sessions. The use of moulage allows for very realistic representations of cutaneous anthrax and smallpox as well as other conditions such as recluse spider bites and chickenpox with which these biothreat infections can be confused.

Routine vaccines across the life span, 2005.

Routine vaccines include those listed on the Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule and the Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule. The disease burden, rationale for vaccination, efficacy, adverse reactions, and recommendations are discussed in relation to each vaccine. Pictures of vaccine-preventable diseases are included.

Routine vaccines across the life span, 2003.

This review of the recommendations for routine vaccines includes those used on the Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule and the Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule. The rationale is provided for recent changes, such as encouraging influenza vaccination of healthy children aged 6 through 23 months and recommending that annual influenza vaccination begin at age 50. The risks and benefits of vaccination are discussed, including disease burden, rationale for vaccination, efficacy, adverse reactions, and recommendations.

Yellow fever vaccine. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2002.

This report updates CDC's recommendations for using yellow fever vaccine (CDC. Yellow Fever Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunizations Practices: MMWR 1990;39[No. RR-6]1-6).

Clostridial bacteremia in the community hospital.

Anaerobic infections are not commonly studied in the community hospital. The aim of this study was to determine demographic factors, the portals of entry and underlying disorders for clostridial bacteremia and to determine whether appropriate (recommended) treatment is effective. Medical records were reviewed for 42 patients with clostridial bacteremia at 1 Florida, USA, hospital and 4 Dayton, Ohio, USA, hospitals.

High-throughput isolation of Caenorhabditis elegans deletion mutants.

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is the first animal whose genome is completely sequenced, providing a rich source of gene information relevant to metazoan biology and human disease. This abundant sequence information permits a broad-based gene inactivation approach in C. elegans, in which chemically mutagenized nematode populations are screened by PCR for deletion mutations in a specific targeted gene.

Minimum time interval adjustment for 4-3-1 immunization rates among two-year-old children.

Background: The purpose is to determine the administrative validity of the 4-3-1 immunization rates for DPT-OPV-MMR vaccines for 2-year-old children in a community health status assessment project by accounting for premature administration of specific vaccine doses according to ACIP recommended minimal timing intervals.

Methods: A retrospective survey of immunization certificates was made on a random sample of 1,059 kindergarten enrollees in the county, including public, private, and parochial schools. The immunization rates by the crude 4-3-1 counting method were compared with the same method adjusted for minimal time interval vaccine dosing.

Reverse genetic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans presenilins reveals redundant but unequal roles for sel-12 and hop-1 in Notch-pathway signaling.

Mutations in the human presenilin genes PS1 and PS2 cause early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans and in mice indicate that one function of presenilin genes is to facilitate Notch-pathway signaling. Notably, mutations in the C.

Lemierre syndrome: postanginal sepsis.

Background: Lemierre syndrome, or postanginal sepsis, was first described in the early part of this century and is characterized by pharyngitis, followed by high fever and rigors, cervical adenopathy, thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, distant abscess formation, and icterus, associated with isolation of Fusobacterium necrophorum from blood.

Methods: This report describes a case of postanginal sepsis and reviews the medical literature on postanginal sepsis obtained through the MEDLINE data base using Fusobacterium as the key search word.

Results: The features of Lemierre syndrome have changed little since the original description, through the prognosis has improved dramatically since the development of antibiotics.

Adult immunizations--a practical approach for clinicians: Part II.

Occupational indications for hepatitis B vaccine include employment in health care services, public safety organizations (e.g., police force) and institutions for the developmentally disabled.

Adult immunizations--a practical approach for clinicians: Part I.

Vaccine-preventable diseases cause needless sickness and death in adult Americans. Most adults 65 years of age or older have not been immunized against influenza or pneumococcal disease. In addition to an age of 65 years or older, indications for influenza and pneumococcal vaccines include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hemodynamically significant cardiac disease and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus.