Rationale: Following marked reductions in sleep medicine care early in the COVID-19 pandemic, there is limited information about the recovery of these services. We explored long-term trends in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) health services and service backlogs during the pandemic compared with pre-pandemic levels in Ontario (the most populous province of Canada).
Methods: In this retrospective population-based study using Ontario (Canada) health administrative data on adults, we compared rates of polysomnograms (PSGs), outpatient visits and positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy purchase claims during the pandemic (March 2020 to December 2022) to pre-pandemic rates (2015-2019).
Background: Both obstructive and central sleep apnea (CSA) may contribute to nocturnal cardiac arrhythmias (NCAs). Data are scarce regarding the prevalence of clinically important nocturnal atrial and ventricular arrythmias in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and OSA or CSA.
Research Question: In a cohort of patients with HFrEF, how does the prevalence of NCA compare among those with OSA, CSA, and those with no to mild sleep apnea? Is the severity of OSA or CSA associated with atrial and ventricular NCAs?
Study Design And Methods: This cross-sectional analysis is an ancillary study of the Effect of Adaptive Servo Ventilation on Survival and Hospital Admissions in Heart Failure (ADVENT-HF) trial.
Background: Some have advocated that nabilone be used rather than opioids to manage chronic, noncancer pain, since the former drug may have a better safety profile.
Objective: We compared the safety of incident nabilone use relative to incident opioid use with respect to multiple clinically important outcomes.
Design: A population-based, retrospective cohort study.
Introduction: Prior studies assessing outcomes of lung transplants from cigarette-smoking donors found mixed results. Oscillometry, a non-invasive test of respiratory impedance, detects changes in lung function of smokers prior to diagnosis of COPD, and identifies spirometrically silent episodes of rejection post-transplant. We hypothesise that oscillometry could identify abnormalities in recipients of smoking donor lungs and discriminate from non-smoking donors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOscillometry is an emerging pulmonary function testing tool that is conducted during tidal breaths with minimal patient effort. It is highly sensitive to changes in lung mechanics. Oscillometry was recently shown to be highly associated with disease severity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Pulmonary inhaler therapy is a core treatment modality for >600 million individuals affected by obstructive airways disease globally. Poor inhaler technique is associated with reduced disease control and increased health care utilization; however, many patients rely on the internet as a technical resource. This study assesses the content and quality of online resources describing inhaler techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudy Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and poor sleep quality are highly prevalent in children with obesity, but their individual associations with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are unknown in this population. The primary objective was to describe the independent association of OSA and sleep quality with HRQOL in children with obesity.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of children with obesity at 2 tertiary care centers.
Background: Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the major cause of death post-lung transplantation, with acute cellular rejection (ACR) being the biggest contributing risk factor. Although patients are routinely monitored with spirometry, FEV is stable or improving in most ACR episodes. In contrast, oscillometry is highly sensitive to respiratory mechanics and shown to track graft injury associated with ACR and its improvement following treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Res Protoc
March 2023
Background: Dyspnea is a prevalent symptom in individuals with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) and generalized hypermobility spectrum disorder (G-HSD), yet its contributors have not been identified. One known contributor to dyspnea is respiratory muscle weakness. The feasibility and effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in combination with standard-of-care rehabilitation (aerobic, resistance, neuromuscular stabilization, and balance and proprioception exercises) in improving respiratory muscle strength and patient-reported outcomes in patients with hEDS or G-HSD have not been evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRationale/objectives: Despite plausible pathophysiological mechanisms, more research is needed to confirm the relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and the risk of COVID-19 infection or COVID-19-related serious complications.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using provincial health administrative data (Ontario, Canada). Adults with physician-diagnosed OSA who received positive airway pressure therapy in the 5 years prepandemic () were propensity score matched by baseline characteristics to individuals in the general population at low risk of OSA () using inverse probability of treatment weighting.
Background: The Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI-2012) focused on race/ethnicity as an important factor in determining reference values. This study evaluated the effects of changing from Canadian reference equations developed from an all-Caucasian cohort with European ancestry to the GLI-2012 on the interpretation of spirometry in a multiethnic population and aimed to identify the ethnic groups affected by discrepant interpretations.
Methods: Clinically indicated spirometry in a multiethnic population (aged 20-80 years) collected from 2018 to 2021 was analysed.
Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is reported to be a cause of secondary polycythemia. The present study (i) reviewed the literature reporting the prevalence of secondary polycythemia in patients with OSA and (ii) determined the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in patients with OSA.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane for studies of adult patients with OSA that reported hemoglobin and/or hematocrit levels.
Introduction: Although cannabis is frequently used worldwide, its impact on respiratory health is characterised by controversy.
Objective: To evaluate the association between cannabis use and respiratory-related emergency room (ER) visits and hospitalisations.
Methods: A retrospective, population-based, cohort study was carried out, linking health survey and health administrative data for residents of Ontario, Canada, aged 12-65 years, between January 2009 and December 2015.
Respiratory oscillometry is a different modality of pulmonary function testing that is increasingly used in a clinical and research setting to provide information regarding lung mechanics. Respiratory oscillometry is conducted through three acceptable measurements of tidal breathing and can be performed with minimal contraindications. Young children and patients who cannot perform spirometry due to cognitive or physical impairment can usually complete oscillometry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Markers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) severity are based on measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusing capacity (DLCO) and CT. The pulmonary vessel volume (PVV) is a novel quantitative and independent prognostic structural indicator derived from automated CT analysis. The current prospective cross-sectional study investigated whether respiratory oscillometry provides complementary data to pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and is correlated with PVV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: There is increasing prevalence of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adolescents, the majority of whom receive treatment with positive airway pressure (PAP). Adherence to PAP is sub-optimal in adolescents with OSA. Moreover, the impact of transition from pediatric to adult healthcare system on PAP adherence is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Respir Crit Care Med
November 2021
Background: There is an increased risk of sleep apnea in patients using opioids for chronic pain. We hypothesized that a simple model comprizing of: (1) STOP-Bang questionnaire and resting daytime oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO); and (2) overnight oximetry will identify those at risk of moderate-to-severe sleep apnea in patients with chronic pain.
Method: Adults on opioids for chronic pain were recruited from pain clinics.
Background: Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (EDS) and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders (HSD) are a heterogeneous group of heritable genetic connective tissue disorders with multiple characteristics including joint hypermobility, tissue fragility, and multiple organ dysfunction. Respiratory manifestations have been described in EDS patients, but have not been systematically characterized. A narrative review was undertaken to describe the respiratory presentations and management strategies of individuals with EDS and HSD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: It is not well-known if diagnosing and treating sleep breathing disorders among individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) improves health outcomes. We evaluated the association between receipt of laboratory-based polysomnography (which is the first step in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep breathing disorders in Ontario, Canada) and respiratory-related hospitalization and all-cause mortality among individuals with IPF.
Methods: We used a retrospective, population-based, cohort study design, analyzing health administrative data from Ontario, Canada, from 2007 to 2019.
Background: Sleep disorders affect up to 25% of the general population and are associated with increased risk of adverse perioperative events. The key sleep medicine topics that are most important for the practice of anesthesiology have not been well-defined. The objective of this study was to determine the high-priority sleep medicine topics that should be included in the education of anesthesia residents based on the insight of experts in the fields of anesthesia and sleep medicine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe conducted a systematic review to address limited evidence suggesting that opioids may induce or aggravate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). All clinical trials or observational studies on adults from 1946 to 2018 found through MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Databases were eligible. We assessed the quality of the studies using published guidelines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF