Bladder Paraganglioma Presenting as Post-Micturition Syncope.

Unlabelled: A 22-year-old woman presented with a 12-year history of intensifying paroxysms of anxiety, palpitations and recurrent syncope following micturition. The patient was referred to endocrinology upon discovery of hypertension. An extended family history revealed metastatic phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma in two grand-uncles.

Expect the unexpected: chronic renal abscess secondary to renal actinomycosis.

Actinomycosis is an invasive infection, which can affect numerous anatomical sites, though rarely the kidney. The rate of nephrectomy is high despite antibiotic therapy. A 51 year old presented with a renal abscess 9 years following a similar renal abscess.