First report of subsp. infecting southern shagbark hickory () in Georgia, USA.

Southern shagbark hickory (Carya carolinae-septentrionalis) is one of several deciduous trees in the family Juglandaceae and genus Carya that are native to North America. Southern shagbark hickory has a restricted distribution to the Southeast U.S.

Scab Intensity in Pecan Trees in Relation to Hedge-Pruning Methods.

Pecan is a valuable nut crop cultivated in the southeastern United States. Among the major yield-limiting factors in the region is scab, caused by the plant pathogenic fungus . Managing scab in tall trees (15 to 25+ m) in pecan orchards is challenging because of the limitations of getting sufficient spray coverage throughout the canopy.

Key Challenges in Plant Pathology in the Next Decade.

Plant diseases significantly impact food security and food safety. It was estimated that food production needs to increase by 50% to feed the projected 9.3 billion people by 2050.

From Detection to Protection: The Role of Optical Sensors, Robots, and Artificial Intelligence in Modern Plant Disease Management.

In the past decade, there has been a recognized need for innovative methods to monitor and manage plant diseases, aiming to meet the precision demands of modern agriculture. Over the last 15 years, significant advances in the detection, monitoring, and management of plant diseases have been made, largely propelled by cutting-edge technologies. Recent advances in precision agriculture have been driven by sophisticated tools such as optical sensors, artificial intelligence, microsensor networks, and autonomous driving vehicles.

The Nuances of Plant Disease Severity Estimation Using Quantitative Ordinal Scales-Lessons Learned over Four Decades.

We revisit the foundations of the Horsfall-Barratt (HB) scale, a widely cited and applied plant disease visual assessment tool introduced in 1945, a full 37 years prior to T. T. Hebert's 1982 critique that raised concerns regarding the scale's rationale, particularly its reliance on the Weber-Fechner law and visual perception assumptions.

Transcriptome profile of pecan scab resistant and susceptible trees from a pecan provenance collection.

Pecan scab is a devastating disease that causes damage to pecan (Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) fruit and leaves.

Standard Area Diagrams for Pecan Leaf Scab: Effect of Rater Experience, Location, and Leaf Size on Reliability and Accuracy of Visual Estimates.

Assessments of the severity of scab (), an economically significant disease of pecan, are critical for determining pecan cultivar susceptibility, disease epidemiology, and integrated disease management approaches. We developed a standard area diagram (SAD) set to aid in assessments of pecan leaflet scab. Leaflets with scab lesions were harvested and scanned using a flatbed scanner at 600 dpi, and Fiji (ImageJ) was used to determine the actual percent disease severity.

A Global Assessment of the State of Plant Health.

The Global Plant Health Assessment (GPHA) is a collective, volunteer-based effort to assemble expert opinions on plant health and disease impacts on ecosystem services based on published scientific evidence. The GPHA considers a range of forest, agricultural, and urban systems worldwide. These are referred to as (Ecoregion × Plant System), i.

An updated de novo transcriptome for green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica).

De novo transcriptome assembly of next-generation sequencing information has become a powerful tool for the study of non-model species. Transcriptomes generated by this method can have high variability due to endless combinations of user-defined variables and programs available for assembly. Many methods have been developed for evaluating the quality of these assemblies.

Changes in chemical characteristics and modeling sensory parameters of stored pecan nutmeats.

Pecan is a major specialty crop produced in the United States. Sensory evaluation and chemical analyses of pecan nutmeats are integral components of shelf life and have been employed to investigate changes during storage, but there remains a lack of knowledge regarding storage stability. Specifically, the association between shelf life and chemical characteristics has not been investigated.

Influence of Geographical Orchard Location on the Microbiome from the Progeny of a Pecan Controlled Cross.

(Wangenh.) K.Koch production has expanded beyond the native distribution as the genetic diversity of the species, in part, has allowed the trees to grow under broad geographic and climatic ranges.

Effect of relative humidity, storage days, and packaging on pecan kernel texture: Analyses and modeling.

The studies expounding on the effects of storage conditions on texture changes are limited. The researchers have been proposing methods to measure pecan texture instrumentally. But current protocols and/or attributes fail to address huge variability during experimentation.

Population Genetic Characteristics and Mating Type Frequency of from Pecan in South America.

Scab, caused by the plant-pathogenic fungus , is a major disease of pecan in South America, resulting in loss of quantity and quality of nut yield. Characteristics of the populations of in South America are unknown. We used microsatellites to describe the genetic diversity and population structure of in South America, and determined the mating type status of the pathogen.

Evidence for Seed Transmission of in Pecan ().

Pecan bacterial leaf scorch, caused by subsp. , is an economically significant disease of pecan with known detrimental effects on the yield of susceptible cultivars. In this study, endosperm was harvested from developing pecan seeds, and direct qPCR and sequencing were used to detect and confirm the presence of .

Pecan color change during storage: Kinetics and Modeling of the Processes.

Postharvest changes in pecan nutmeat color are affected by many factors, both internal and external. The temperature, relative humidity (RH) of the surrounding environment, and storage time are major factors contributing to color deterioration of the nutmeats. Kinetic models have long been employed to provide insights into the physical and chemical changes in food systems; however, no kinetic model has been developed describing the color changes of pecan nutmeats during storage.

Novel associations in antibiosis stemming from an insect pupal cell.

The pupal soil cell of the pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was reported previously to exhibit antibiosis to an entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana. The objectives of this study were to examine 1) if the antimicrobial effect occurs in other insects that form pupal cells, 2) whether the effect extends to plant pathogenic fungi, and 3) identify the source of antibiosis in pupal soil cells of C. caryae.

Understanding the ramifications of quantitative ordinal scales on accuracy of estimates of disease severity and data analysis in plant pathology.

The severity of plant diseases, traditionally defined as the proportion of the plant tissue exhibiting symptoms, is a key quantitative variable to know for many diseases but is prone to error. Plant pathologists face many situations in which the measurement by nearest percent estimates (NPEs) of disease severity is time-consuming or impractical. Moreover, rater NPEs of disease severity are notoriously variable.