Dermoid Cysts of the Auricle: A Review of the Literature.

Background And Objectives: Dermoid cysts are congenital anomalies that contain ectodermal elements such as teeth, bone, and nerves. The purpose of this study was to identify trends in the characteristics of dermoid cysts of the auricle and the demographics of the patient population they affect.

Methods: A PubMed and EMBASE search for English-language publications that included cases of dermoid cyst(s) of the auricle from database inception to October 2022 was performed.

Pediatric Plastic Surgery Under Local Anesthesia.

Background: Increasing research has shown that select surgical procedures can be performed in an office-based environment with low complication rates. Within the field of plastic surgery, these findings have mainly been studied in adult populations. However, studies regarding the safety and efficacy of office-based plastic surgery in the pediatric population are lacking.

An Updated Analysis of Body Contouring Malpractice Cases.

Introduction: Body contouring procedures are commonly performed in the United States for patients seeking to sculpt specific areas of their bodies. The aim of this study was to provide an updated analysis of the factors that influence medical malpractice litigation surrounding body contouring surgery.

Methods: The following terms were used to search the Westlaw Campus Legal research Database for cases with earliest documentation after January 2013: ("contouring" OR "abdominoplasty" OR "liposuction" OR "tummy tuck" OR "body lift" OR "thigh lift" OR "arm lift" OR "brachioplasty" OR "thighplasty" OR "lipectomy" OR "panniculectomy") AND "surgery" AND "medical malpractice.

Superiorly Based Posterior Pharyngeal Flaps: Using A Care Pathway to Optimize Speech and Airway Outcomes.

Background: Pharyngeal flap (PF) surgery is effective at improving velopharyngeal sufficiency, but historical literature shows a concerning prevalence rate of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), reported as high as 20%. Our institution has developed a protocol to minimize risk of postoperative obstructive complications and increase safety of PF surgery. We hypothesize that (1) preoperative staged removal of significant adenotonsillar tissue along with (2) multiview videofluoroscopy to guide patient-specific surgical approach via appropriately sized PFs can result in excellent speech outcomes while limiting occurrence of OSA.

Simultaneous Furlow Palatoplasty and Tonsillectomy for the Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency and Tonsillar Hypertrophy.

Objective: To determine whether performing tonsillectomy at the time of Furlow palatoplasty for the treatment of cleft palate related velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) incurs increased surgical complications or compromises speech outcomes.

Design: A retrospective review of patients who had Furlow palatoplasty and the outcomes of surgery in the treatment of cleft palate related VPI.

Setting: A single academic center between January 2015 and January 2022.

Experimental Models and Practical Simulators for Supermicrosurgery: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Supermicrosurgical simulators and experimental models promote test viability, a faster learning curve, technical innovations, and improvements of the surgical dexterities. The authors aimed to present a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical experimental models and simulation platforms used for supermicrosurgery.

Methods: An electronic search was conducted across the PubMed MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.

Applications of three-dimensional surgical planning in facial feminization surgery: A systematic review.

Background: Despite some reports that have shown an increase in safety, efficiency, and accuracy during feminizing craniofacial procedures utilizing three-dimensional (3D) technology, there are no reports summarizing the available evidence on this matter for facial feminization surgery (FFS). Here, we aimed to systematically review the application of 3D technology on FFS.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, SCOPUS, Ovid MEDLINE®, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect looking for studies reporting the use of 3D surgical planning in the setting of FFS following the PRISMA guidelines.

BMPR1A maintains skeletal stem cell properties in craniofacial development and craniosynostosis.

Skeletal stem cells from the suture mesenchyme, which are referred to as suture stem cells (SuSCs), exhibit long-term self-renewal, clonal expansion, and multipotency. These SuSCs reside in the suture midline and serve as the skeletal stem cell population responsible for calvarial development, homeostasis, injury repair, and regeneration. The ability of SuSCs to engraft in injury site to replace the damaged skeleton supports their potential use for stem cell-based therapy.

Laryngoscopy Grade Improvement and Difficult Airway Resolution in Infants With Robin Sequence Undergoing Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis: A Multi-Institutional Study.

Objective: Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) aims to relieve tongue-based airway obstruction in Robin Sequence (RS). We investigated direct laryngoscopy grade (DLG) improvement and difficult airway (DA) resolution following MDO.

Design: Retrospective cohort analysis.

Outcomes Following Orbital Floor Fractures in the Elderly.

Background: Orbital floor fractures in the elderly are controversial, with varying guidelines on indications for operative and nonoperative management. Morbidity includes changes to ocular position, inferior rectus muscle injury, and damage to the neurovascular bundle as it traverses the orbital floor. Across all facial fractures, the elderly are less frequently operated on, albeit longer hospital stays and more probably ICU admission.

The Relationship between Age and Facial Asymmetry.

Background: Facial symmetry is a fundamental goal of plastic surgery, yet some asymmetry is inherent in any face. Three-dimensional photogrammetry allows for rapid, reproducible, and quantitative facial measurements. With this tool, the authors investigated the relationship between age and facial symmetry.

The Evolution of Iliac Bone Graft Donor Site Analgesia in Cleft Patients: Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Is Safe and Efficacious.

Background: The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has been increasingly used as a means of abdominal wall analgesia. This study aims to determine if TAP block analgesia provides a benefit in cleft patients undergoing alveolar bone grafting with iliac crest cancellous bone graft.

Methods: Two groups of 20 consecutive patients undergoing alveolar bone grafting with iliac crest cancellous bone with either TAP block or indwelling catheter pain pump were examined in a retrospective fashion.

Ewing Sarcoma Presenting as a Congenital Scalp Mass.

Ewing sarcoma is a locally aggressive, highly malignant tumor most commonly seen in the skeletal system. The "Ewing family of tumors" also includes other tissue types that are not common, such as soft tissue origin classified as extraosseous Ewing sarcoma (EES) or primitive neuroendocrine origin. Age of onset most often occurs within the first 2 decades of life.

Novel computer vision analysis of nasal shape in children with unilateral cleft lip.

Background: Optimization of treatment of the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity (uCLND) is hampered by lack of objective means to assess initial severity and changes produced by treatment and growth. The purpose of this study was to develop automated 3D image analysis specific to the uCLND; assess the correlation of these measures to esthetic appraisal; measure changes that occur with treatment and differences amongst cleft types.

Methods: Dorsum Deviation, Tip-Alar Volume Ratio, Alar-Cheek Definition, and Columellar Angle were assessed using computer-vision techniques.

#Cleft: The use of Social Media Amongst Parents of Infants with Clefts.

Introduction: Many societies and organizations are using social media to reach their target audience. The extent to which parents of patients with craniofacial anomalies use social media has yet to be determined. The goal of this study is to characterize and describe the use of social media by the parents of children with cleft lip and palate as it pertains to the care of their child.

Measuring Symmetry in Children With Unrepaired Cleft Lip: Defining a Standard for the Three-Dimensional Midfacial Reference Plane.

Objective: Quantitative measures of facial form to evaluate treatment outcomes for cleft lip (CL) are currently limited. Computer-based analysis of three-dimensional (3D) images provides an opportunity for efficient and objective analysis. The purpose of this study was to define a computer-based standard of identifying the 3D midfacial reference plane of the face in children with unrepaired cleft lip for measurement of facial symmetry.

Pediatric Orbital Depth and Growth: A Radiographic Analysis.

Background: Orbital reconstruction requires knowledge of orbital depth in order to prevent optic nerve injury. Numerous analyses of adult orbital dimensions have been undertaken previously in order to characterize this measurement, including skull specimen and computerized tomography studies. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the pediatric orbit.

Use of intraoperative computed tomography in complex craniofacial trauma: an example of on-table change in management.

The primary goals in repairing complex craniofacial fractures are restoration of occlusion and mastication, and anatomic reconstruction of a symmetric facial skeleton. Failure to accomplish these goals may result in the need for secondary operations. Recognition of malreduction may not be appreciated until review of a postoperative computed tomographic (CT) scan.

Traumatic orbital roof fractures: interdisciplinary evaluation and management.

Background: The orbital roof forms part of the anterior skull base and is positioned for potential concomitant ophthalmologic and neurologic injury. Despite potential morbidity and mortality, orbital roof fractures have garnered little attention compared with orbital floor fractures. The authors' purpose is to review and describe key points when treating these fractures.

Quantitative facial asymmetry: using three-dimensional photogrammetry to measure baseline facial surface symmetry.

Background: Although symmetry is hailed as a fundamental goal of aesthetic and reconstructive surgery, our tools for measuring this outcome have been limited and subjective. With the advent of three-dimensional photogrammetry, surface geometry can be captured, manipulated, and measured quantitatively. Until now, few normative data existed with regard to facial surface symmetry.