Negative feedback between PTH1R and IGF1 through the Hedgehog pathway in mediating craniofacial bone remodeling.

Regeneration of orofacial bone defects caused by inflammatory-related diseases or trauma remains an unmet challenge. Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) signaling is a key mediator of bone remodeling whereas the regulatory mechanisms of PTH1R signaling in oral bone under homeostatic or inflammatory conditions have not been demonstrated by direct genetic evidence. Here we observed that deletion of PTH1R in Gli1+-progenitors led to increased osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis.

Calorie restriction induces mandible bone loss by regulating mitochondrial function.

Caloric restriction (CR), commonly used as both a lifestyle choice and medical strategy, has been shown to adversely impact appendicular bone mass. However, its influence on alveolar bone health and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, 8-week-old C57BL/6 J mice were fed with 30 % CR for 8 weeks.

In nondiabetic C57BL/6J mice, canagliflozin affects the skeleton in a sex- and age-dependent manner.

Canagliflozin (CANA) is a sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor that reduces blood glucose levels. Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 is primarily expressed in the kidney, but not in any bone cells, therefore effects on the skeleton are likely to be non-cell autonomous. Originally developed to treat type II diabetes, CANA use has expanded to treat cardiovascular and renovascular disease.

Latest on Anabolic Agents for Osteoporosis Treatment.

In the last decades, novel therapeutics with anabolic bone properties have been developed and are currently used in the management of osteoporosis particularly in patients with high-risk of fragility fractures. These drugs include PTH-Related Analogues, teriparatide and abaloparatide, and the anti-sclerostin agent romosozumab, this latter drug currently approved only in female patients. Their efficacies in preventing fragility fractures are widely demonstrated and their potential serious side effects were progressively downgraded, including risk of malignancies in teriparatide- and cardiovascular events in romosozumab-users, respectively.

Prevalent Metformin Use in Adults With Diabetes and the Incidence of Long COVID: An EHR-Based Cohort Study From the RECOVER Program.

Objective: Studies show metformin use before and during SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces severe COVID-19 and postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) in adults. Our objective was to describe the incidence of PASC and possible associations with prevalent metformin use in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Research Design And Methods: This is a retrospective cohort analysis using the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) and Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) electronic health record (EHR) databases with an active comparator design that examined metformin-exposed individuals versus nonmetformin-exposed individuals who were taking other diabetes medications.

Case-control study on post-COVID-19 conditions reveals severe acute infection and chronic pulmonary disease as potential risk factors.

Post-COVID-19 conditions (long COVID) has impacted many individuals, yet risk factors for this condition are poorly understood. This retrospective analysis of 88,943 COVID-19 patients at a multi-state US health system compares phenotypes, laboratory tests, medication orders, and outcomes for 1,086 long-COVID patients and their matched controls. We found that history of chronic pulmonary disease (CPD) (odds ratio: 1.

PPARG in osteocytes controls cell bioenergetics and systemic energy metabolism independently of sclerostin levels in circulation.

Objective: The skeleton is one of the largest organs in the body, wherein metabolism is integrated with systemic energy metabolism. However, the bioenergetic programming of osteocytes, the most abundant bone cells coordinating bone metabolism, is not well defined. Here, using a mouse model with partial penetration of an osteocyte-specific PPARG deletion, we demonstrate that PPARG controls osteocyte bioenergetics and their contribution to systemic energy metabolism independently of circulating sclerostin levels, which were previously correlated with metabolic status of extramedullary fat depots.

Calorie restriction in mice impairs cortical but not trabecular peak bone mass by suppressing bone remodeling.

Calorie restriction (CR) can lead to weight loss and decreased substrate availability for bone cells. Ultimately, this can lead to impaired peak bone acquisition in children and adolescence and bone loss in adults. But the mechanisms that drive diet-induced bone loss in humans are not well characterized.

Post-COVID-19: Hematological Factors Changes in Patients at Three-- time Intervals.

Introduction: Hematological parameters are crucial factors in disease severity and chronic condition pathogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the hematological factors in different severity stages of COVID-19 at different time intervals.

Methods: Serum samples were collected from 470 patients (235 men and 235 women) with a confirmed RT-qPCR COVID-19 test exhibiting moderate, severe, and critical symptoms based on WHO criteria.

Associations between COVID-19 therapies and outcomes in rural and urban America: A multisite, temporal analysis from the Alpha to Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Purpose: To investigate the enduring disparities in adverse COVID-19 events between urban and rural communities in the United States, focusing on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and therapeutic advances on patient outcomes.

Methods: Using National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data from 2021 to 2023, this retrospective cohort study examined COVID-19 hospitalization, inpatient death, and other adverse events. Populations were categorized into urban, urban-adjacent rural (UAR), and nonurban-adjacent rural (NAR).

Deletion of FNDC5/irisin modifies murine osteocyte function in a sex-specific manner.

Irisin, released from exercised muscle, has been shown to have beneficial effects on numerous tissues but its effects on bone are unclear. We found significant sex and genotype differences in bone from wildtype (WT) mice compared to mice lacking (knockout [KO]), with and without calcium deficiency. Despite their bone being indistinguishable from WT females, KO female mice were partially protected from osteocytic osteolysis and osteoclastic bone resorption when allowed to lactate or when placed on a low-calcium diet.

PPARG in osteocytes controls cell bioenergetics and systemic energy metabolism independently of sclerostin levels in circulation.

Objective: The skeleton is one of the largest organs in the body, wherein metabolism is integrated with systemic energy metabolism. However, the bioenergetic programming of osteocytes, the most abundant bone cells coordinating bone metabolism, is not well defined. Here, using a mouse model with partial penetration of an osteocyte-specific PPARG deletion, we demonstrate that PPARG controls osteocyte bioenergetics and their contribution to systemic energy metabolism independently of circulating sclerostin levels.

PTH and the Regulation of Mesenchymal Cells within the Bone Marrow Niche.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a pivotal role in maintaining calcium homeostasis, largely by modulating bone remodeling processes. Its effects on bone are notably dependent on the duration and frequency of exposure. Specifically, PTH can initiate both bone formation and resorption, with the outcome being influenced by the manner of PTH administration: continuous or intermittent.