Firm, non-tender mass in right breast · worsening, nonproductive cough · pleuritic pain · Dx?

Granulomatous lesions, such as foreign body granuloma, idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM), and sarcoidosis can mimic breast carcinoma. IGM is associated with elevated prolactin (eg, pregnancy or oral contraceptive use) and is usually subareolar. Infection, however, is also commonly subareolar.

The pathogenesis of villitis of unknown etiology: analysis with a new conjoint immunohistochemistry-in situ hybridization procedure to identify specific maternal and fetal cells.

The conjoint immunohistochemistry-in situ hybridization (IHC-ISH) procedure permits, under routine light microscopic conditions, simultaneous documentation of either a male or female karyotype plus the immunological phenotype of individual cells within paraffin-embedded tissues. We have used this technique to characterize the inflammatory response in placental villitis of unknown etiology (VUE). A male placenta with severe VUE and appropriate control placentas were analyzed.