Hardware-efficient quantum error correction via concatenated bosonic qubits.

To solve problems of practical importance, quantum computers probably need to incorporate quantum error correction, in which a logical qubit is redundantly encoded in many noisy physical qubits. The large physical-qubit overhead associated with error correction motivates the search for more hardware-efficient approaches. Here, using a superconducting quantum circuit, we realize a logical qubit memory formed from the concatenation of encoded bosonic cat qubits with an outer repetition code of distance d = 5 (ref.

Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Caregivers of People with Motor Neurone Disease: A Scoping Review of Psychosocial Outcomes.

: Caregivers of individuals with motor neurone disease (MND) face a wide range of psychosocial difficulties. To address these, non-pharmacological interventions have been trialled, showing promising results. However, no clear characterisation of the breadth of psychosocial constructs examined by the interventions is currently available, resulting in the lack of a core outcome set (COS).

Signatures of a spin-active interface and a locally enhanced Zeeman field in a superconductor-chiral material heterostructure.

A localized Zeeman field, intensified at heterostructure interfaces, could play a crucial role in a broad area including spintronics and unconventional superconductors. Conventionally, the generation of a local Zeeman field is achieved through magnetic exchange coupling with a magnetic material. However, magnetic elements often introduce defects, which could weaken or destroy superconductivity.

Long-term outcomes in two adult siblings with Fucosidosis - Diagnostic odyssey and clinical manifestations.

Fucosidosis (OMIN# 230000) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder (LSDs) caused by mutations in the gene, leading to alpha-L-fucosidase deficiency; it is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Fucosidosis represents a disease spectrum with a wide variety of clinical features, but most affected patients have slow neurologic deterioration. Many patients die young and the long-term clinical outcomes in adult patients are poorly documented.

Roles of physical functioning and comorbid mental illness of chronically ill parents and their spouses' health status in adolescent functioning.

Introduction: Emerging research suggests that physically ill parents' psychological adjustment to illness and emotional well-being may affect adolescents' psychosocial functioning. As people with chronic medical conditions often develop mental disorders, it is important to examine the influence of comorbidity of parental physical and mental health conditions on adolescents' functioning. In addition, the physical and mental health status of the spouses/partners of chronically ill parents needs to be explored to further understand the potential impact of parental chronic illness on adolescents' psychological distress and academic performance.

Spontaneous secondary pneumothorax due to cannabis-induced bullous lung disease: a case report.

Unlabelled: Marijuana use has grown rapidly in the last decade with a prevalence greater than that of cocaine and opioids. With its increasing recreational and medical use, potential adverse outcomes from heavy use may be associated with bullous lung disease and spontaneous pneumothorax. This case report has been reported in line with the SCARE Criteria.

A Bayesian predictive processing account of Othello syndrome in Parkinson's disease.

Although delusions in Parkinson's disease (PD) are rare, when they occur they frequently take the form of "Othello syndrome": the irrational belief that a spouse or partner is being unfaithful. Hitherto dismissed as either a by-product of dopamine therapy or cognitive impairment, there are still no convincing theoretical accounts to explain why only some patients fall prey to this delusion, or why it persists despite clear disconfirmatory evidence. We discuss the limitations of existing explanations of this delusion, namely hyperdopaminergia-induced anomalous perceptual experiences and cognitive impairment, before describing how Bayesian predictive processing accounts can provide a more comprehensive explanation by foregrounding the importance of prior experience and its impact upon computation of probability.

Biochemical, Genetic and Clinical Diagnostic Approaches to Autism-Associated Inherited Metabolic Disorders.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction, limited communication skills, and restrictive and repetitive behaviours. The pathophysiology of ASD is multifactorial and includes genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, whereas a causal relationship has been described between ASD and inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs). This review describes biochemical, genetic, and clinical approaches to investigating IMDs associated with ASD.

Neuropsychology assessment and outcomes in adult mucopolysaccharidosis - A systematic review as the first step to service development in a large tertiary Lysosomal Storage Disorders centre.

A systematic review of Randomised Controlled Trials in adult mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) was conducted to inform neuropsychology service development at a large tertiary Lysosomal Storage Diseases centre. Studies including psychological endpoints for cognition, mood, and quality of life were reviewed. Forty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria for full text review.

Update on the Cognitive Presentations of iNPH for Clinicians.

This mini-review focuses on cognitive impairment in iNPH. This symptom is one of the characteristic triad of symptoms in a condition long considered to be the only treatable dementia. We present an update on recent developments in clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging and biomarker aspects.

Repression of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide (OATP) 1B Expression and Increase of Plasma Coproporphyrin Level as Evidence for OATP1B Downregulation in Cynomolgus Monkeys Treated with Chenodeoxycholic Acid.

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor known to markedly alter expression of major transporters and enzymes in the liver. However, its effects toward organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP) 1B1 and 1B3 remain poorly characterized. Therefore, the present study was aimed at determining the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), a naturally occurring FXR agonist, on OATP1B expression in cynomolgus monkeys.

A Preliminary Study of COVID-19-related Stressors, Parenting Stress, and Parental Psychological Well-being Among Parents of School-age Children.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had substantial health, social, and economic effects on families. Consequent lockdowns and school closures heightened the burden on parents of school-age children. Many parents, while working from home, had to care for their children with restricted access to caregiver resources and to support their children's education through homeschooling or remote learning provided by their schools.

Grieving During the COVID-19 Pandemic: In-Person and Virtual "Goodbye".

This study examined the relationship between having an opportunity to say goodbye to a dying family member or friend in person or virtually, as well as attending their funeral services in person or virtually, and the bereaved individuals' psychological distress and complicated grief during the COVID-19 pandemic. Five hundred and nineteen US adults who had lost a family member or a friend between January 2020 and June 2021 completed an online survey for this study. Only a small proportion of participants were able to say goodbye to their dying family member or friend in person, and saying goodbye virtually was associated with higher levels of complicated grief and psychological distress.

Non-cardiac Manifestations in Adult Patients With Mucopolysaccharidosis.

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that results in the absence or deficiency of lysosomal enzymes, leading to an inappropriate storage of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in various tissues of the body such as bones, cartilage, heart valves, arteries, upper airways, cornea, teeth, liver and nervous system. Clinical manifestations can become progressively exacerbated with age and affect their quality of life. Developments in advanced supportive treatment options such as enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may have improved patients' life span.

Impact of the 2020 pandemic of COVID-19 on Families with School-aged Children in the United States: Roles of Income Level and Race.

This study examined the experiences of families with school-aged children during the first three months of the 2020 pandemic of COVID-19 in the United States, while focusing on the roles of income level and race/ethnicity in their experiences. Two hundred and twenty-three parents of school-aged children participated in this study by completing an online survey. The results revealed that low-income and lower-middle class parents, as well as parents of color, experienced more instrumental and financial hardships due to the pandemic, when compared to their higher income, White counterparts.

Acute Salmonella typhimurium Aneurysmal Aortitis With Bacteremia, Pneumonia, and Thoracic Aortic Dissection in an Elderly Male.

Nontyphoidal (NTS) often cause self-limiting gastroenteritis in adults, known as salmonellosis. Salmonellosis has remained controlled in the United States due to intensive measures. Infrequently, these patients develop bacteremia and local or disseminated infections after salmonellosis.

Psychosocial factors associated with mask-wearing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Although increasing evidence has supported the efficacy of masks to prevent the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19), inconsistent and noncompliant mask-wearing behavior has been observed among members of the society. Because mask-wearing is often considered a social contract, it is important to understand the psychosocial factors that influence people's mask-wearing behavior in order to implement the necessary steps to respond to the pandemic. Based on the protection motivation theory (PMT), this study examined the cognitive factors (threat and coping appraisals) that contribute to mask-wearing behavior and the intention to engage in health protective behavior until the end of the pandemic.

Individual factors and cisgender college students' attitudes and behaviors toward transgender individuals.

The present study is one of few to investigate both anti-trans discrimination and anti-trans prejudice. It examined four individual factors (religiosity; political beliefs; affiliation with LGBTQ [lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer] people; gender role beliefs) through a lens of hetero-cis-normativity to understand their association with anti-trans attitudes and reported behaviors. Using a sample of 302 cisgender college students from across the United States, hierarchical multiple regressions on bootstrap samples were used to analyze how these factors are associated with anti-trans attitudes and behaviors.

Substituted diaryl ether compounds as retinoic acid-related orphan Receptor-γt (RORγt) agonists.

The discovery of a series of substituted diarylether compounds as retinoic acid related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) agonists is described. Compound 1 was identified from deck mining as a RORγt agonist. Hit-to-lead optimization led to the identification of lead compound 5, which possesses improved potency (10x).

Percutaneous Versus Surgical Revascularization for Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common medical condition in our clinical practice that should be treated with appropriate revascularization in a timely manner. Percutaneous revascularization (PR) has been the first-line treatment option when feasible. Limited data is available comparing PR to surgical revascularization (SR) in the AMI setting.

Strain-Controlled Superconductivity in Few-Layer NbSe.

The controlled tunability of superconductivity in low-dimensional materials may enable new quantum devices. Particularly in triplet or topological superconductors, tunneling devices such as Josephson junctions, etc., can demonstrate exotic functionalities.

Absence of OATP1B (Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide) Induction by Rifampin in Cynomolgus Monkeys: Determination Using the Endogenous OATP1B Marker Coproporphyrin and Tissue Gene Expression.

Organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B induction is an evolving mechanism of drug disposition and interaction. However, there are contradictory reports describing OATP1B expression in hepatocytes and liver biopsies after administration of an inducer. This study investigated the in vivo effects of the common inducer rifampin (RIF) on the activity and expression of cynomolgus monkey OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 transporters, which are structurally and functionally similar their human OATP1B counterparts.

Substituted benzyloxytricyclic compounds as retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) agonists.

Substituted benzyloxy aryl compound 2 was identified as an RORγt agonist. Structure based drug design efforts resulted in a potent and selective tricyclic compound 19 which, when administered orally in an MC38 mouse tumor model, demonstrated a desired pharmacokinetic profile as well as a dose-dependent pharmacodynamic response. However, no perceptible efficacy was observed in this tumor model at the doses investigated.

Physical and psychological conditions of parental chronic illness, parentification and adolescent psychological adjustment.

We examined the differential predictive powers of physical and psychological impacts of parental physical illness, as well as both instrumental and emotional aspects of parentification, on adolescent distress. Forty-seven parents with chronic physical illness and 132 adolescent children completed separate questionnaires that measured parental health conditions and adolescents' parentification, peer attachment, and psychological distress. Ill parents' energy/fatigue level was not related to adolescent distress, but ill parents' emotional well-being was directly associated with adolescent distress.

Outcomes from deep brain stimulation targeting subthalamic nucleus and caudal zona incerta for Parkinson's disease.

Both subthalamic nucleus (STN) and caudal zona incerta (cZI) have been implicated as the optimal locus for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD). We present a retrospective clinico-anatomical analysis of outcomes from DBS targeting both STN and cZI. Forty patients underwent bilateral DBS using an image-verified implantable guide tube/stylette technique.