Performance of ChatGPT on questions from the Brazilian College of Radiology annual resident evaluation test.

Objective: To test the performance of ChatGPT on radiology questions formulated by the Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia (CBR, Brazilian College of Radiology), evaluating its failures and successes.

Materials And Methods: 165 questions from the CBR annual resident assessment (2018, 2019, and 2022) were presented to ChatGPT. For statistical analysis, the questions were divided by the type of cognitive skills assessed (lower or higher order), by topic (physics or clinical), by subspecialty, by style (description of a clinical finding or sign, clinical management of a case, application of a concept, calculation/classification of findings, correlations between diseases, or anatomy), and by target academic year (all, second/third year, or third year only).

Drivers of Global Health Care Worker Migration.

The migration of health care workers on a global scale has emerged as a complex and critical issue, profoundly affecting the dynamics of health care systems worldwide. The authors delve into the multifaceted drivers behind the unprecedented migration of health care professionals, seeking to illuminate the interconnected factors that propel this phenomenon. The investigation encompasses economic, social, and professional dimensions, acknowledging the intricate interplay of factors influencing the decision of health care professionals to migrate.

Profile of patients with post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis in a tertiary care hospital in Brazil.

Bronchiectasis are abnormal permanently dilated bronchi which lead to chronic cough and other respiratory symptoms. Though tuberculosis (TB) is a common cause of bronchiectasis, data on this association are scarce. The objective of this study was to describe the profile of patients with post-TB bronchiectasis at a tertiary hospital in the southern region of Brazil.

Automated evaluation of ASPECTS from brain computerized tomography of patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Background And Purpose: Precise evaluation of brain computerized tomography (CT) is a crucial step in acute ischemic stroke evaluation. Electronic Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (E-ASPECTS) helps in the selection of patients who may be eligible for thrombolysis. This paper seeks to assess the performance of emergency physicians (EPs) in the evaluation of ASPECTS scores with and without the use of E-ASPECTS and to compare their results with neuroradiologists.

Radiology for Thoracic Conditions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

With a disproportionately high burden of global morbidity and mortality caused by chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), access to radiological services is of critical importance for screening, diagnosis, and treatment guidance.

Left Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve: A Very Unusual Finding during Thyroid Surgery.

Background: Identifying the inferior laryngeal nerve is one of the main concerns in thyroid surgery. The typical recurrent position occurs due the relative position between the vagus nerve and the larynx during the last 3 branchial arches development. In rare cases, this nerve does not loop under the right subclavian artery or the aortic arch.

Safety and long-term improvement of mesenchymal stromal cell infusion in critically COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: COVID-19 is a multisystem disease that presents acute and persistent symptoms, the postacute sequelae (PASC). Long-term symptoms may be due to consequences from organ or tissue injury caused by SARS-CoV-2, associated clotting or inflammatory processes during acute COVID-19. Various strategies are being chosen by clinicians to prevent severe cases of COVID-19; however, a single treatment would not be efficient in treating such a complex disease.

Combined Use of Tocilizumab and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Severe Covid-19: Case Report.

The coronavirus pandemic is one of the most significant public health events in recent history. Currently, no specific treatment is available. Some drugs and cell-based therapy have been tested as alternatives to decrease the disease's symptoms, length of hospital stay, and mortality.

Dosimetry and Comparison between Different CT Protocols (Low Dose, Ultralow Dose, and Conventional CT) for Lung Nodules' Detection in a Phantom.

Background: The effects of dose reduction in lung nodule detection need better understanding.

Purpose: To compare the detection rate of simulated lung nodules in a chest phantom using different computed tomography protocols, low dose (LD), ultralow dose (ULD), and conventional (CCT), and to quantify their respective amount of radiation.

Materials And Methods: A chest phantom containing 93 simulated lung nodules was scanned using five different protocols: ULD (80 kVp/30 mA), LD A (120 kVp/20 mA), LD B (100 kVp/30 mA), LD C (120 kVp/30 mA), and CCT (120 kVp/automatic mA).

The use of e-ASPECTS in acute stroke care: validation of method performance compared to the performance of specialists.

Background: The rapid evaluation of non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT) brain scans in patients with anterior stroke symptoms saves time and favors optimal and prompt treatment. e-ASPECTS is a tool that automatically calculates the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) values, leading to a more accurate and timely image evaluation.

Objective: To determine the ability of e-ASPECTS in differentiating images with and without injury.